ArticleBMC medical education2021
A validation study of the Korean version of the Toronto empathy questionnaire for the measurement of medical students' empathy.
Article in BMC medical education, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Does Clinical Training Influence Empathy in Dental Students? Evidence from a Cross-Sectional Study in Lithuania.Dentistry journal · 2026Article
- Assessing self-reported empathy among chiropractic students at a South African university.The Journal of chiropractic education · 2026Article
- Dental anxiety and empathy among undergraduate oral health students in Norway, South Africa and Namibia.Acta odontologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Understanding empathy and theory of mind in Romanian dental students for improved educational strategies.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The impact of empathy on medical students: an integrative review.BMC medical education · 2024Review
- Article
- Physician empathy in Korean clinical contexts: developing a conceptual framework and exploring influencing factors.Korean journal of medical education · 2023Article
- Empathy levels in Australian chiropractic students.The Journal of chiropractic education · 2022Article
- Validation of the Romanian Version of the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) among Undergraduate Medical Students.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Distance education perception scale for medical students: a validity and reliability study.BMC medical education · 2021Article
- Psychometric Analysis of the Czech Version of the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to validate the Korean version of the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) and to determine its suitability for the measurement of empathy in medical students.
methodsThe study sample was Year 1 and 2 medical students at two medical schools on six-year undergraduate medical programs in South Korea. The study participants completed the Korean TEQ, which has a single factor structure and consists of 16 items; responses are scored using a 5-point Likert scale, giving a maximum possible score of 64. Psychometric validation of the questionnaire was performed by exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses and the goodness of fit test. Average variance extracted was calculated to establish convergent validity, and associations between factors and construct reliability were analyzed to establish discriminant validity. Cronbach's alpha values were utilized for reliability analysis.
resultsA total of 279 students completed and returned the questionnaire (a 96.2% response rate). Participant empathy scores ranged from 20 to 60 (M = 44.6, SD = 7.36). Empathy scores were higher for females than males (p < .05). The cumulative variance of the Korean TEQ was 32%, indicating that its explanatory power was rather weak. Consequently, goodness-of-fit testing was performed on four hypothetical models, among which a three-factorial structure consisting of 14 items demonstrated satisfactory fit indices and explained 55% of the variance. Reliability estimates of the three subscales were also satisfactory (Cronbach's α = .71-.81). This three-factorial model was validated by confirmatory factor analysis and demonstrated adequate convergent and discriminant validity.
conclusionsThis study demonstrated psychometric validation of the Korean TEQ for measuring medical students' empathy. We suggest a modified 14-item model with a three-factorial structure, which demonstrated better psychometric properties than the original scale.
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