ArticleEuropean journal of ophthalmology2022
Association of metformin and development of dry age-related macular degeneration in a U.S. insurance claims database.
Article in European journal of ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between Oral Metformin Use and the Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Diabetic Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022 · on this mapPooled it
- Review
- Metformin and incidence of age-related macular degeneration in people with diabetes: a population-based 5-year case-control study.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2026Article
- From Diabetes to Degenerative Diseases: The Multifaceted Action of Metformin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Metformin and the Development of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.JAMA ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Different Therapeutic Approaches for Dry and Wet AMD.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Recent Advances in Our Understanding of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Redox Signaling, and the Complement System.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Revolutionary drug repositioning: the preventive and therapeutic potential of metformin and other antidiabetic drugs in age-related macular degeneration.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Association of Metformin and Other Diabetes Medication Use and the Development of New-Onset Dry Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Case-Control Study.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Repurposing medications for treatment of age-related macular degeneration: Insights from novel approaches to data mining.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2023Review
- The Risk of Age-Related Macular Degeneration Is Reduced in Type 2 Diabetes Patients Who Use Metformin.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Repurposing Drugs for Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- Dose-response association of metformin use and risk of age-related macular degeneration among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a population-based study.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Does senescence play a role in age-related macular degeneration?Experimental eye research · 2022Review
- Metformin and retinal diseases in preclinical and clinical studies: Insights and review of literature.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2022Review
- Potential Efficacy of Metformin for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Ophthalmology scienceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo assess whether metformin is associated with dry age-related macular degeneration (dAMD) development.
methodsIn this retrospective cohort study, patients enrolled in a nationwide U.S. medical insurance claims database from 2002 to 2016 were included if they had diabetes mellitus, were ⩾55 years old, and were enrolled for ⩾2 years without a prior AMD diagnosis. The primary exposure was metformin use analyzed as either active or prior use or cumulative metformin dosage over the study period. A time updating Cox proportional hazard regression was used to estimate the hazard ratio of dAMD incidence with metformin exposure.
resultsAmong 1,007,226 diabetic enrollees, 53.3% were female and 66.4% were white with a mean hemoglobin A1c of 6.8%. Of eligible enrollees, 166,115 (16.5%) were taking metformin at the index date. Over the study period, 29,818 (3.0%) participants developed dAMD. In the active versus prior use of metformin model, active use conferred an increased hazard of developing dAMD (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04-1.12) while prior use had a decreased hazard (HR, 0.95; 95% CI 0.92-0.98). The cumulative metformin dosage model showed a significant trend toward increased hazard of dAMD incidence with increasing cumulative dosage (
conclusionsSmall, conflicting associations between metformin exposure and development of dAMD were observed depending on cumulative dosage and whether drug use was active, suggesting metformin did not substantially affect the development of dAMD.
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Registered trials
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