Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33606903›Full record

ArticleHealth & social care in the community2021

Individual, social, and environmental factors for infection risk among home healthcare patients: A multi-method study.

David Russell, Dawn Dowding, Marygrace Trifilio, Margaret V McDonald, Jiyoun Song, Victoria Adams, Marietta I Ojo, Eun K Perry, Jingjing Shang

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Health & social care in the community, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07645976 (High Prevalence But Low Awareness of Environmental Risks in Home Care), which is not on this map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07645976 completednot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

High Prevalence But Low Awareness of Environmental Risks in Home Care: A Cross-Sectional Study

TypeobservationalSponsorMarmara University Pendik Training and Research HospitalRan2026 to 2026Enrolled326ConditionsHome Care Services, Home Health CareArmsObservation
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

David RussellDepartment of Sociology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8433-0821
Dawn DowdingDivision of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
Marygrace TrifilioCenter for Home Care Policy & Research, Visiting Nurse Service of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Margaret V McDonaldCenter for Home Care Policy & Research, Visiting Nurse Service of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Jiyoun SongColumbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA.
Victoria AdamsVisiting Nurse Service of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Marietta I OjoCenter for Home Care Policy & Research, Visiting Nurse Service of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Eun K PerryDepartment of Sociology, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC, USA.
Jingjing ShangColumbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY, USA.

Funding

Infection Control in Home Care and Predictive Risk ModelingR01HS024723 · AHRQ · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI SHANG, JINGJING · 2016 to 2018
$1.4M
AHRQ HHS R01 HS024723
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There has been limited research into the individual, social, and environmental factors for infection risk among patients in the home healthcare (HHC) setting, where the infection is a leading cause of hospitalisation. The aims of this study were to (1) explore nurse perceptions of individual, social, and environmental factors for infection risk among HHC patients; and (2) identify the frequency of environmental barriers to infection prevention and control in HHC. Data were collected in 2017-2018 and included qualitative interviews with HHC nurses (n = 50) and structured observations of nurse visits to patients' homes (n = 400). Thematic analyses of interviews with nurses suggested they perceived infection risk among patients as being influenced by knowledge of and attitudes towards infection prevention and engagement in hygiene practices, receipt of support from informal caregivers and nurse interventions aimed at cultivating infection control knowledge and practices, and the home environment. Statistical analyses of observation checklists revealed nurses encountered an average of 1.7 environmental barriers upon each home visit. Frequent environmental barriers observed during visits to HHC patients included clutter (39.5%), poor lighting (38.8%), dirtiness (28.5%), and pets (17.2%). Additional research is needed to clarify inter-relationships among these factors and identify strategies for addressing each as part of a comprehensive infection control program in HHC.

Indexed as

Home Care ServicesDelivery of Health CareHospitalizationHumanshome environmenthome healthcareinfectionnursingobservationqualitative

Identifiers

PMID33606903
PMCPMC8084932

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.