ArticlePloS one2021
Flower consumption, ambient temperature and rainfall modulate drinking behavior in a folivorous-frugivorous arboreal mammal.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Daily activity pattern of mantled howlers (Alouatta palliata).Primates; journal of primatology · 2026Article
- Non-human primates as indicators of Kinetoplastida diversity in an urban environment in Midwest Brazil.Frontiers in parasitology · 2025Article
- Urinary health indicators in folivorous-frugivorous primates with and without food supplementation.Primates; journal of primatology · 2025Article
- Picking pithy plants: Pith selectivity by wild white-faced capuchin monkeys, Cebus imitator.American journal of primatology · 2025Article
- Tree holes as a source of water for primate species in an Amazonian Forest fragment, northern Brazil.Primate biology · 2024Article
- Differential utilization of surface and arboreal water bodies by birds and mammals in a seasonally dry Neotropical forest in southern Mexico.Ecology and evolution · 2023Article
- Factors influencing terrestriality in primates of the Americas and Madagascar.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Water is vital for the survival of any species because of its key role in most physiological processes. However, little is known about the non-food-related water sources exploited by arboreal mammals, the seasonality of their drinking behavior and its potential drivers, including diet composition, temperature, and rainfall. We investigated this subject in 14 wild groups of brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans) inhabiting small, medium, and large Atlantic Forest fragments in southern Brazil. We found a wide variation in the mean rate of drinking among groups (range = 0-16 records/day). Streams (44% of 1,258 records) and treeholes (26%) were the major types of water sources, followed by bromeliads in the canopy (16%), pools (11%), and rivers (3%). The type of source influenced whether howlers used a hand to access the water or not. Drinking tended to be evenly distributed throughout the year, except for a slightly lower number of records in the spring than in the other seasons, but it was unevenly distributed during the day. It increased in the afternoon in all groups, particularly during temperature peaks around 15:00 and 17:00. We found via generalized linear mixed modelling that the daily frequency of drinking was mainly influenced negatively by flower consumption and positively by weekly rainfall and ambient temperature, whereas fragment size and the consumption of fruit and leaves played negligible roles. Overall, we confirm the importance of preformed water in flowers to satisfy the howler's water needs, whereas the influence of the climatic variables is compatible with the 'thermoregulation/dehydration-avoiding hypothesis'. In sum, we found that irrespective of habitat characteristics, brown howlers seem to seek a positive water balance by complementing the water present in the diet with drinking water, even when it is associated with a high predation risk in terrestrial sources.
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