SynthesisCancer causes & control : CCC2021
Sunlight exposure in association with risk of lymphoid malignancy: a meta-analysis of observational studies.
Synthesis in Cancer causes & control : CCC, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Systemic effects of sunlight: 10-year review of cardiovascular, infection and cancer outcomes.Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV · 2026Review
- Reduced Childhood Outdoor Exposure Raises Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis (PedMS) Risk.Neurology and therapy · 2026Article
- Prospective pooled analyses of ambient ultraviolet radiation levels and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma.American journal of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Infants' Sunlight Exposure Practice and Associated Factors Among Mothers in Northwest Ethiopia: A Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study Community-Based Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
- Melanoma as Subsequent Primary Malignancy in Hematologic Cancer Survivors-A Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Solar ultraviolet radiation exposure, and incidence of childhood acute lymphocytic leukaemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma in a US population-based dataset.British journal of cancer · 2024Article
- A Population-Based Family Case-Control Study of Sun Exposure and Follicular Lymphoma Risk.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeSeveral observational studies have shown contradictory results regarding the association between sunlight exposure and the risk of malignant lymphoma. Thus, we aimed to systematically determine the association between sunlight exposure and lymphoid malignancy risk through a meta-analysis.
methodsA thorough search of four electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus) was performed to identify eligible studies until 13 August 2020. A random-effects model was used to calculate risk estimates of sunlight exposure. The main outcome measure was the risk of lymphoid malignancy subtypes with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) according to various forms of solar ultraviolet radiation.
resultsIn total, 17 case-control studies and 9 cohort studies including 216,285 non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 23,017 Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) patients were included in the final analysis. Personal sunlight exposure was significantly associated with a decreased risk of HL (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.68-0.87) and NHL (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.71-0.92), including all subtypes except T-cell lymphoma. Ambient sunlight exposure at residence was associated with a reduced risk of HL (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.81-0.95) and all NHL subtypes (OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.73-0.96), except for chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma. As the number of sunburns and sunbaths increased, the risk of NHL tended to decrease.
conclusionWhile there was an observed protective effect both from case-control and prospective studies, substantial heterogeneity was found in the current study. Thus, more evidence is required to confirm that promoting sunlight exposure can prevent the development of lymphoid neoplasia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.