Faecal and nitrate contamination in the groundwater of Mardan district, Pakistan.

Zia Ur Rahman, Saeed Ahmad, Rivka Fidel, Salma Khalid, Iqbal Ahmad, Olivier S Humphrey, Hizbullah Khan, Bushra Khan

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Environmental geochemistry and health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zia Ur RahmanDepartment of Environmental Sciences, The University of Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. zia@uoh.edu.pk.

Saeed AhmadDivision of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, Leicestershire, UK.

Rivka FidelDepartment of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, The University of Arizona, Tucson, USA.

Salma KhalidPrime Institute of Public Health, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Iqbal AhmadDepartment of Environmental Science, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Olivier S HumphreyCentre for Environmental Geochemistry, Inorganic Geochemistry, British Geological Survey, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK.

Hizbullah KhanDepartment of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Bushra KhanDepartment of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

Funding

Higher Education Commision, Pakistan IRSIP 35 BMS 20

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the status of groundwater contamination with faecal coliform and nitrate in the rural areas of Mardan district, Pakistan. Both analytes require regular monitoring according to the National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) of Pakistan. Groundwater samples (n = 100) were collected from 25 villages across four zones. Samples were analysed for physicochemical parameters including pH, electrical conductivity (EC), Escherichia coli (E. coli) contamination, nitrite, and nitrate ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]). Whilst the average concentrations of [Formula: see text] in the water samples were within the permissible limits of 50 mg L

Indexed as

Drinking WaterGroundwaterWater Pollutants, ChemicalAdultChildEnvironmental MonitoringEscherichia coliHumansNitratesPakistanRisk AssessmentDrinking WaterNitratesWater Pollutants, ChemicalE. coliGroundwaterNitratePublic healthRisk assessment

Identifiers

PMID33606135

DOI10.1007/s10653-021-00848-8

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.