Trial reportEuropean journal of nutrition2021
Similar ergogenic effect of caffeine on anaerobic performance in men and women athletes.
Trial report in European journal of nutrition, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Acute caffeine ingestion and exercise performance in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of menstrual-cycle phase and hormonal contraceptive status.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Nutritional Ergogenic Aids in Cycling: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Ergogenic Effects of Caffeine on Ballistic (Throwing) Performance: A Meta-Analytical Review.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Ergogenic Effects of Acute Caffeine Intake on Muscular Endurance and Muscular Strength in Women: A Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
- Trial
- Sex differences in the acute effect of caffeine on repeated sprint performance: A randomized controlled trial.European journal of sport science · 2025Trial
- Warm-up music and low-dose caffeine enhance the activity profile and psychophysiological responses during simulated combat in female taekwondo athletes.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Caffeine Improves Sprint Time in Simulated Freestyle Swimming Competition but Not the Vertical Jump in Female Swimmers.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Effects of Caffeinated Coffee on Cross-Country Cycling Performance in Recreational Cyclists.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Caffeine increases exercise intensity and energy expenditure but does not modify substrate oxidation during 1 h of self-paced cycling.European journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Effect of caffeine on muscle oxygen saturation during short-term all-out exercise: a double-blind randomized crossover study.European journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Caffeine and Beetroot Juice Optimize 1,000-m Performance: Shapley Additive Explanations Analysis.American journal of men's healthTrial
- Exploring the potential synergistic pharmacological and psychological effects of caffeine on exercise performance: a placebo-balanced study.Biology of sport · 2026Article
- The effect of low dose caffeine powder supplementation on serve speed, spike speed, and speed-endurance in elite sitting volleyball players: a randomized double-blind crossover study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Caffeine and Sports Performance: The Conflict between Caffeine Intake to Enhance Performance and Avoiding Caffeine to Ensure Sleep Quality.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeCaffeine is widely considered an ergogenic aid to increase anaerobic performance although most of this evidence is supported by investigations with only male samples. To date, it is unknown if the ergogenic effect of caffeine on anaerobic performance is of similar magnitude in men and women athletes. The aim of this study was to determine the magnitude of the ergogenic effect of caffeine on the Wingate test in men and women.
methodsIn a double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over experimental trial, ten women athletes and ten men athletes performed a 15-s adapted version of the Wingate test after ingesting 3 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass or a placebo (cellulose).
resultsIn comparison to the performance obtained in the 15-s Wingate test with a placebo, caffeine increased peak power in men (9.9 ± 0.8 vs. 10.1 ± 0.8 W/kg, p < 0.01, d = 0.26) and in women (8.8 ± 0.9 vs. 9.1 ± 0.8 W/kg, p = 0.04, d = 0.30). Caffeine was also effective to increase the mean power in men (8.9 ± 0.7 vs. 9.0 ± 0.7 W/kg, p = 0.01, d = 0.21) and women (8.1 ± 0.7 vs. 8.3 ± 0.7 W/kg, p = 0.01, d = 0.27). The ergogenic effect of caffeine on the 15-s Wingate peak power (2.3 ± 3.2% in men and 3.2 ± 2.8% in women; p = 0.46) and mean power (2.0 ± 1.7% and 2.4 ± 2.3%, respectively; p = 0.93) was of similar magnitude in both sexes.
conclusionAcute ingestion of 3 mg kg
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.