ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2021
Neighborhood Sidewalk Environment and Incidence of Dementia in Older Japanese Adults.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A meta-analytical umbrella review assessing urban environment exposures and cognitive health outcomes.Age and ageing · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of neighborhood built environment on cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review.BMC geriatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Association between hypertension prevalence and neighborhood characteristics in Japan using combined claims data and geographic information systems: a neighborhood correlation study from LIFE Study.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2026Article
- Association of intrinsic capacity and neighborhood environment with dementia risk: an interaction and mediation analysis.Innovation in aging · 2026Article
- The Mediating Effect of Smoking on the Association between Income and Dementia among Japanese Older People.JMA journal · 2025Article
- Social determinants of dementia: A scoping review.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2025Article
- Neighborhood social cohesion and Alzheimer's disease dementia risk in South Asians in the United States.Alzheimer's & dementia. Behavior & socioeconomics of aging · 2025Article
- Living in public rental housing is healthier than private rental housing a 9-year cohort study from Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Global rural health disparities in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: State of the science.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2023Review
- Peak Expiratory Flow Predicts Incident Dementia in a Representative Sample of U.S. Older Adults: The National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS).The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences · 2023Article
- Diversity of Studies on Neighborhood Greenspace and Brain Health by Racialized/Ethnic Group and Geographic Region: A Rapid Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Review
- The association between street connectivity and depression among older Japanese adults: the JAGES longitudinal study.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The role of geographic information system and global positioning system in dementia care and research: a scoping review.International journal of health geographics · 2022Article
- Potential causal effect of physical activity on reducing the risk of dementia: a 6-year cohort study from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2021Article
- Environmental Factors Affecting Cognitive Function among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sidewalks are indispensable environmental resources for daily life in that they encourage physical activity. However, the proportion of sidewalk coverage is low even in developed countries. We examined the association between neighborhood sidewalk environment and dementia in Japan. We conducted a 3-year follow-up (2010-2013) among participants in the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study, a population-based cohort study of community-dwelling older adults. We ascertained the incidence of dementia for 76,053 participants from the public long-term care insurance system. We calculated sidewalk coverage (sidewalk area as a percentage of road area) within 436 residential neighborhood units using geographic information systems. Multilevel survival models were used to estimate hazard ratios for the incidence of dementia. During follow-up, 5,310 dementia cases were found. In urban areas, compared with the lowest quartile of sidewalk coverage, the hazard ratio was 0.42 (95% confidence interval: 0.33, 0.54) for the highest quartile, adjusting for individual covariates. After successive adjustments for other neighborhood factors (land slope; numbers of hospitals, grocery stores, parks, railway stations, and bus stops; educational level; and unemployment rate), the hazard ratio remained statistically significant (hazard ratio = 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.54, 0.92). Living in a neighborhood with a high level of sidewalk installation was associated with low dementia incidence in urban areas.
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