Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33604137›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of sports physical therapy2021

Risk Factors for Stress Fractures in Female Runners: Results of a Survey.

Therese E Johnston, Allison E Jakavick, Caroline A Mancuso, Kathleen C McGee, Lily Wei, Morgan L Wright, Jeremy Close, Ayako Shimada, Benjamin E Leiby

Open access · diamondAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of sports physical therapy, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.3field-weighted citation impact, top 48% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Therese E JohnstonThomas Jefferson University, Jefferson College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Allison E JakavickThomas Jefferson University, Jefferson College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Caroline A MancusoThomas Jefferson University, Jefferson College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Kathleen C McGeeThomas Jefferson University, Jefferson College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Lily WeiThomas Jefferson University, Jefferson College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Morgan L WrightThomas Jefferson University, Jefferson College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Jeremy CloseThomas Jefferson University, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Ayako ShimadaThomas Jefferson University, Department of Biostatistics, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Benjamin E LeibyThomas Jefferson University, Department of Biostatistics, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Thomas Jefferson University · USJefferson College of Health Sciences · USJefferson College · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFew studies compare women with and without stress fractures and most focus on younger, elite runners. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE: Compare risk factors between female runners with and without a stress fracture history. STUDY

designCase control.

methodsAn online survey targeting women age ≥18 years was distributed primarily via social media. Questions included demographics, running details, cross training, nutrition, injury history, medical/menstrual history, and medications. Women with stress fracture histories answered questions about location, number, and changes made. Data were compared between groups using t-tests, chi-square tests, or Fisher's exact tests. Multivariable logistic regression models simultaneously investigated associations of multiple factors using backward variable selection.

resultsData from 1648 respondents were analyzed. Mean age was 40 years, and 25.4% reported stress fractures. Significant differences were found between groups for days/week running, mileage/week, running pace, years running, having a coach, cycling or swimming, calorie consumption for activity, other running injuries, medical history, medication/supplement intake, age at menarche, and going ≥6 months without a menstrual period. Odds of having a stress fracture were increased with osteopenia (OR 4.14), shin splints (OR 3.24), tendon injuries (OR 1.49), running >20 miles/week (OR 1.74-1.77) compared to 11-20 miles/week, having a coach (OR 1.86), and cycling (OR 1.15). Women running 11:00-11:59 minutes/mile or slower were less likely to have a stress fracture compared to those running 9:00-9:59 minutes/mile (OR 0.43-0.54). The odds of having a stress fracture were 1.43 times higher for going ≥ 6 months without a menstrual period. Use of calcium, probiotics, and vitamin D increased odds. Post fracture, common changes made were with cross training (49%), mileage (49%), and strength training (35%).

conclusionsMultiple intrinsic and extrinsic factors were identified for female runners who sustained one or more stress fracture during running. Prospective studies are warranted to infer a cause and effect relationship amongst these variables and stress fracture risk. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.

Indexed as

femalemovement systemrunningstress fractures

Identifiers

PMID33604137
PMCPMC7872445
OpenAlexW3126219951

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.