ArticleJournal of human kinetics2021
Learning to use Muscles.
Article in Journal of human kinetics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effects of diaphragmatic breathing and manual diaphragm relaxation on respiratory muscle strength, chest expansion, pulmonary function, and sitting ability in children with diplegic cerebral palsy: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine · 2026Trial
- Neurorehabilitation in the 21st Century: New Science, New Strategies, New Expectations.Neurorehabilitation and neural repair · 2026Review
- Response to "Advancing mechanistic interpretation of diaphragmatic interventions in children with cerebral palsy".Journal of pediatric rehabilitation medicine · 2026Article
- Design and Evaluation of a Pneumatic-Actuated Active Balance Board for Sitting Postural Control.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The illusion of internal models in biological movement.European journal of applied physiology · 2025Review
- Future spinal reflex is embedded in primary motor cortex output.Science advances · 2024Article
- Review
- A computational study of how an α- to γ-motoneurone collateral can mitigate velocity-dependent stretch reflexes during voluntary movement.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Article
- An alpha- to gamma-motoneurone collateral can mitigate velocity-dependent stretch reflexes during voluntary movement: A computational study.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- NSF DARE-Transforming modeling in neurorehabilitation: Four threads for catalyzing progress.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2024Review
- Synergy quality assessment of muscle modules for determining learning performance using a realistic musculoskeletal model.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2024Article
- The spinal cord facilitates cerebellar upper limb motor learning and control; inputs from neuromusculoskeletal simulation.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Remembrance of things perceived: Adding thalamocortical function to artificial neural networks.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2023Review
- Heksor: the central nervous system substrate of an adaptive behaviour.The Journal of physiology · 2022Article
- A model for self-organization of sensorimotor function: spinal interneuronal integration.Journal of neurophysiology · 2022Article
- Neural Control of Stopping and Stabilizing the Arm.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2022Review
- Developing Intelligent Robots that Grasp Affordance.Frontiers in robotics and AI · 2022Review
- Muscle Synergies and Clinical Outcome Measures Describe Different Factors of Upper Limb Motor Function in Stroke Survivors Undergoing Rehabilitation in a Virtual Reality Environment.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- A novel task-specific dystonia: running-induced cervical dystonia in a triathlete.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The human musculoskeletal system is highly complex mechanically. Its neural control must deal successfully with this complexity to perform the diverse, efficient, robust and usually graceful behaviors of which humans are capable. Most of those behaviors might be performed by many different subsets of its myriad possible states, so how does the nervous system decide which subset to use? One solution that has received much attention over the past 50 years would be for the nervous system to be fundamentally limited in the patterns of muscle activation that it can access, a concept known as muscle synergies or movement primitives. Another solution, based on engineering control methodology, is for the nervous system to compute the single optimal pattern of muscle activation for each task according to a cost function. This review points out why neither appears to be the solution used by humans. There is a third solution that is based on trial-and-error learning, recall and interpolation of sensorimotor programs that are good-enough rather than limited or optimal. The solution set acquired by an individual during the protracted development of motor skills starting in infancy forms the basis of motor habits, which are inherently low-dimensional. Such habits give rise to muscle usage patterns that are consistent with synergies but do not reflect fundamental limitations of the nervous system and can be shaped by training or disability. This habit-based strategy provides a robust substrate for the control of new musculoskeletal structures during evolution as well as for efficient learning, athletic training and rehabilitation therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.