ReviewFrontiers in immunology2020
Pleiotropic Effects of Metformin on the Antitumor Efficiency of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Metformin drives HIF-1α-mediated dual metabolic reprogramming to enhance γδ T cell therapy in triple-negative breast cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- Targeting VISTA as a novel immunotherapy for skin cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Article
- Clinical Evidence for Microbiome-Based Strategies in Cancer Immunotherapy: A State-of-the-Art Review.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Metformin Beyond Diabetes: A Precision Gerotherapeutic and Immunometabolic Adjuvant for Aging and Cancer.Cancers · 2025Review
- Prognostic value of the triglyceride-glucose index in advanced gastric cancer: A call for further exploration.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Unravelling the association between metformin and pan-cancers: Mendelian randomization combined with NHANES database analysis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- The effect of concomitant drugs on oncological outcomes in patients treated with immunotherapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a narrative review.Oncology research · 2025Review
- Anti-Diabetic Therapies and Cancer: From Bench to Bedside.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Strategies to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody, anti-PD-L1 antibody and anti-CTLA-4 antibody in cancer therapy.Journal of translational medicine · 2024Review
- Examining the clinical relevance of metformin as an antioxidant intervention.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- AMPK activation induces immunogenic cell death in AML.Blood advances · 2023Article
- Association of perioperative use of statins, metformin, and aspirin with recurrence after curative liver resection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: A propensity score matching analysis.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and the Exposome: Host-Extrinsic Factors Determine Response, Survival, and Toxicity.Cancer research · 2023Review
- Effect of metformin on outcomes of patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a retrospective cohort study.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
- Comedications with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Involvement of the Microbiota, Impact on Efficacy and Practical Implications.Cancers · 2023Review
- The effect of metformin or dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitors on clinical outcomes in metastatic non-small cell lung cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Thoracic cancer · 2023Article
- Drug Repurposing at the Interface of Melanoma Immunotherapy and Autoimmune Disease.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Isotope tracing reveals distinct substrate preference in murine melanoma subtypes with differing anti-tumor immunity.Cancer & metabolism · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cancer is an important threat to public health because of its high morbidity and mortality. In recent decades, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have ushered a new therapeutic era in clinical oncology. The rapid development of immune checkpoint therapy is due to its inspiring clinical efficacy in a group of cancer types. Metformin, an effective agent for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has shown beneficial effects on cancer prevention and cancer treatment. Emerging studies have suggested that metformin in combination with ICI treatment could improve the anticancer effects of ICIs. Hence, we conducted a review to summarize the effects of metformin on ICI therapy. We also review the pleiotropic mechanisms of metformin combined with ICIs in cancer therapy, including its direct and indirect effects on the host immune system.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.