ArticlePsychology research and behavior management2021
Disease Prevention Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic and the Role of Self-Esteem: An Extended Parallel Process Model.
Article in Psychology research and behavior management, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Beyond COVID-19: Behavioral Drivers of Pandemic Prevention in Ghana's Informal Urban Settlements.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Determinants of protective behaviors against COVID-19 among young adults: application of the extended parallel process model.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Threat, efficacy, and the ambivalent role of COVID-19 news: an EPPM analysis of health discrimination and preventive behaviors.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Predictors of the Fear of COVID-19 in Individuals with Schizophrenia: a Prospective Study.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Article
- Examining the educational experiences of Behvarzes from the insufficient participation of some people in preventive measures against the COVID-19 pandemic: a lesson for the future.BMC medical education · 2024Article
- The prolificacy of green transformational leadership in shaping employee green behavior during times of crises in small and medium enterprises: a moderated mediation model.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Gender, psychological distress, and subjective well-being two years after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.Cadernos de saude publica · 2024Article
- Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Mental Health and Quality of Life. An Exploratory Study During the First Outbreak in Italy.Psychological reports · 2023Article
- The effect of self-esteem on the spread of a pandemic. A cross-country analysis of the role played by self-esteem in the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2023Article
- When Cigarette Smoking Meets COVID-19: How the Two Types of Threat and Efficacy Perceptions Interactively Predict Danger Control and Fear Control Processes.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Application of behavioral change theory and models on COVID-19 preventive behaviors, worldwide: A systematic review.SAGE open medicine · 2023Review
- Views on the Nature of Science, Beliefs, Trust in the Government, and COVID-19 Pandemic Preventive Behavior among Undergraduate Students.International journal of science and mathematics education · 2022Article
- Gender differences in mental distress and affect balance during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2022Article
- An application of the extended parallel process model to protective behaviors against COVID-19 in South Korea.PloS one · 2022Article
- The Prevention Behaviors and Impact Mechanisms Among Different Chinese Social Classes at the Early Stage of COVID-19 Pandemic.Psychology research and behavior management · 2022Article
- Alexithymia and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in Chinese undergraduate students during the COVID-19 national lockdown: The mediating role of sleep problems and the moderating role of self-esteem.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- The psychological and emotional impact of coronavirus disease on COVID-19 patients in Najran Province, Saudi Arabia: An exploratory study.Journal of public health research · 2021Article
- Testing Extended Parallel Processing Model in the Korean COVID-19 Context: Effect of Moral Intuitions as Moderators.Frontiers in public health · 2021Article
- Impact of Sleep Deprivation on Emotional Regulation and the Immune System of Healthcare Workers as a Risk Factor for COVID 19: Practical Recommendations From a Task Force of the Latin American Association of Sleep Psychology.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThe COVID-19 outbreak has become a serious public health problem worldwide. The purpose of this study was to use an extended parallel process model (EPPM) to understand factors in COVID-19 prevention behaviors.
methodsThis cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted on 1012 participants in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire and an online survey were used to collect data.
resultsThe EPPM revealed that the severity of the COVID-19 threat perceived by respondents directly affected the arousal of fear in the respondents (β=0.268, t=9.007, p<0.001), but perceived efficacy did not (β=-0.019, t=-0.619, p>0.05); additionally, fear arousal was significantly associated with COVID-19 prevention behaviors (β=0.119, t=4.603, p<0.001). Regarding personal characteristics, self-esteem moderated the relationship between perceived threat and fear arousal. However, the moderating effect of self-esteem was stronger in people with low self-esteem compared to those with high self-esteem (β=0.606, -0.472; t=26.303, -17.694; p<0.001, p<0.001; respectively). The results of this study also indicated that two demographic characteristics (age and gender) affect COVID-19 prevention behaviors.
conclusionWhen developing healthcare policies and community interventions for improving COVID-19 prevention behaviors during an outbreak, healthcare administrators should carefully consider the main constructs of the EPPM, particularly personal characteristics (ie, self-esteem) and demographic characteristics (ie, age and gender).
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