ArticleNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2021
Prevalence of ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders or Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Retrospective Study.
Article in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and chronic pain: a scoping review of epidemiology, clinical phenotypes, mechanisms, and treatment.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Hypermobility prevalence, measurements, and outcomes in childhood, adolescence, and emerging adulthood: a systematic review.Rheumatology international · 2023Pooled it
- Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract: What the gastroenterologist needs to know.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2022Pooled it
- Age-related symptom clustering in pediatric hypermobility spectrum disorders: a scoping review.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2026Article
- Health experiences and outcomes of autistic and non-autistic adults with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and hypermobility spectrum disorder.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- Assessment of Motor Performance in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Relationship Between Clinical Characteristics and Intelligence-An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- No association between joint hypermobility, musculoskeletal pain and neurodevelopmental problems in a school-based sample of 11-year-old children.BJPsych open · 2025Article
- Prevalence of psychiatric and sleep disorders and their impact on quality of life in children with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: an observational study.Rheumatology international · 2025Observational
- Navigating HOPE (Hypermobile Online Pain managemEnt): Perspectives and Experiences From People With Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome or Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder on a Condition-Specific Online Pain Management Programme.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2025Article
- The Complexities of Navigating the Healthcare System as an Autistic Individual with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: A Patient Perspective.Journal of patient experience · 2025Article
- Observational
- Joint Hypermobility Syndrome and Membrane Proteins: A Comprehensive Review.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Article
- Frequent Pain is Common Among 10-11-Year-Old Children with Symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder.Journal of pain research · 2024Article
- Overlapping conditions in Long COVID at a multisite academic center.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Relationship and New Prospectives in Joint Hypermobility in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Preliminary Data.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Hypermobility spectrum disorders: A review.Rheumatology and immunology research · 2023Article
- Pediatric joint hypermobility: a diagnostic framework and narrative review.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2023Review
- Article
- Finding the Proportion of Females with Autistic Spectrum Disorder Who Develop Anorexia Nervosa, the True Prevalence of Female ASD and Its Clinical Significance.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionHypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) and hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) are both characterized by generalized hypermobility, in combination with pain, affected proprioception, and pronounced fatigue. Clinical observation indicates that behavioral problems, hyperactivity, and autistic traits are overrepresented in children with those conditions. The purpose of this retrospective study was to establish the prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children with HSD and hEDS treated in our clinic since 2012. SUBJECTS AND
methodsSince Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) diagnostic criteria and international classification were changed in 2017, we equate the older diagnosis EDS hypermobility type with the newer hEDS and the older hypermobility syndrome with HSD. A registry search from the computerized medical record system found 201 children (88 boys, 113 girls) aged 6-18 years who were treated at our pediatrics department with the diagnoses HSD or EDS. All medical records (113 with HSD, 88 with EDS) were reviewed, and key symptoms such as fatigue and pain, as well as diagnosis of ADHD/ASD, were recorded.
resultsAll EDS cases could be classified as hEDS. Of the entire study cohort, 16% had a verified ADHD diagnosis and a further 7% were undergoing ADHD diagnostic investigation. Significantly more children with hEDS had ADHD compared to children with HSD (p=0.02). In the age group 15-16 years, 35% of those with hEDS had ADHD and, among those aged 17-18 years, ADHD was present in 46%. Children with coexisting ADHD showed a significantly higher proportion of associated symptoms such as fatigue, sleep-problems, and urinary tract problems. ASD had been verified in 6% of the children. Of those with ASD, 92% had sleep problems.
conclusionThis study shows a strong association between HSD or hEDS and ADHD or ASD. Therefore, children with HSD or hEDS may need to be routinely screened for neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.