ArticleScientific reports2021
An in vitro study on factors affecting endotoxin neutralization in human plasma using the Limulus amebocyte lysate test.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- When folding CARDs wins the game: molecular snapshots of lipopolysaccharide sensing by the non-canonical inflammasome.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Dextran sulfate restores endotoxin detectability in human serum.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2026Article
- Evaluating the role of lipopolysaccharides in the joint: fibronectin as a novel protective mechanism.RMD open · 2025Article
- Biomass-Derived Nanoporous Carbon Honeycomb Monoliths for Environmental Lipopolysaccharide Adsorption from Aqueous Media.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Effect of Lipopolysaccharides fromBiomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Influence of heparin-based anticoagulants on antibiotic therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Albumin does not induce IL-6 release and toll-like receptor activation in vitro: Role of endotoxin contamination and biochemical modifications.BBA advances · 2025Article
- Review
- Recombinant Factor C as an In Vitro Assay for the Residual Pathogenicity Evaluation of Veterinary Autogenous Vaccines.Veterinary sciences · 2024Article
- Cloning and Functional Analysis of Skin Host Defense Peptides from Yakushima Tago's Brown Frog (Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Metabolic Endotoxemia: From the Gut to Neurodegeneration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Heparin enables the reliable detection of endotoxin in human serum samples using the Limulus amebocyte lysate assay.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Calcium trafficking and gastrointestinal physiology following an acute lipopolysaccharide challenge in pigs.Journal of animal science · 2024Article
- The multifaceted role of c-di-AMP signaling in the regulation ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- The neutralizing effect of heparin on blood-derived antimicrobial compounds: impact on antibacterial activity and inflammatory response.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Experimental periodontitis induced hypoadiponectinemia by IRE1α-mediated endoplasmic reticulum stress in adipocytes.BMC oral health · 2023Article
- Characterization of markers, functional properties, and microbiome composition in human gut-derived bacterial extracellular vesicles.Gut microbes · 2023Article
- The Endotoxin Hypothesis of Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2023Review
- Effective Endotoxin Removal from Chitosan That Preserves Chemical Structure and Improves Compatibility with Immune Cells.Polymers · 2023Article
- Detection of innate immune response modulating impurities (IIRMI) in therapeutic peptides and proteins: Impact of excipients.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Endotoxin neutralization, caused by plasma components, makes it difficult to detect endotoxins in human blood. In this study, we investigated which factors influence the recovery of endotoxins using limulus ameobocyte lysate (LAL)-based assays. The individual factors that were examined in more detail were lipoprotein content, type of blood anticoagulation, kinetics and serum levels of divalent cations. Furthermore, it was investigated whether there is a direct correlation between LAL activity and monocyte activation. We could show that polyanionic heparin increases endotoxin recovery in blood, while citrate anticoagulation promotes endotoxin neutralization. Furthermore, we could show that the endotoxin activity in human plasma and serum decreases strongly over time. Time-dependent endotoxin neutralization reaches its maximum after 4-6 h incubation. By means of filtration tests we could determine that endotoxins in the plasma bind to lipoproteins but do not influence their activity. Comparative measurements have shown that high LAL activity of endotoxins in plasma simultaneously possesses high monocyte activating properties in whole blood. For the maximum recovery of endotoxins in human blood the physiological calcium and magnesium concentrations are sufficient. In this study, it was shown that the endotoxin neutralizing plasma components have a molecular weight similar to β2-microglobulin (11.7 kDa). For the exact identification of the endotoxin neutralizing plasma components, which caused a modulation of the immunostimulating endotoxin activity, further investigations have to be carried out in the future.
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