Trial reportNature communications2021
Fecal microbiota transplantation in HIV: A pilot placebo-controlled study.
Trial report in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03008941 (A Phase I/II Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Study of Repeated Low-Dose Fecal Microbiota Restoration in HIV-Infected Subjects. The REFRESH Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 64 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Phase I/II Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Study of Repeated Low-Dose Fecal Microbiota Restoration in HIV-Infected Subjects. The REFRESH Study
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy of probiotics pretreatment inAnnals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of fecal microbiota transplantation for viral diseases: A systematic review of clinical trials.PloS one · 2024Pooled it
- Dolutegravir restores gut microbiota in late-stage HIV-1 unlike darunavir: an open-label, randomized clinical trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Fecal microbiota transplantation alters the proteomic landscape of inflammation in HIV: identifying bacterial drivers.Microbiome · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Targeting the Gut Microbiota of Vertically HIV-Infected Children to Decrease Inflammation and Immunoactivation: A Pilot Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Gut Microbiota Alterations in People Living With HIV: Dysbiosis, Immune Dysfunction and Therapeutic Perspectives.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Review
- The Gut Microbiome in HIV Pathogenesis: Interconnections Between Dysbiosis, Immune Dysfunction, and Viral Persistence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Gut microbiome-based strategies for HIV prevention and therapy, current challenges and future prospects.Gut pathogens · 2026Review
- Intranasal Delivery of HIV/SIV Antigens with NE/AS01B Adjuvants Enhances Cellular Immunity and Reduces Viral Loads in SHIV-Challenged Macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Feeding the gut-immune axis: dietary, prebiotic, and probiotic strategies to target persistent inflammation in ART-treated HIV: a narrative review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Gut feelings and sweet teeth: nutritional solutions to the gut damage in inflammatory bowel disease and HIV infection.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Intestinal microecology: a crucial factor influencing incomplete immune reconstitution after antiretroviral therapy in people living with HIV-1.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Fecal microbiota transplantation reduces inflammation and modulates gene expression in HIV-infected double humanized-BLT (dHu-BLT) mice on antiretroviral therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Advances in capsule-based fecal microbiota transplantation: clinical applications and innovations.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- The Gut Microbiome in Enteric Viral Infections: Underlying Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Tripartite interplay: immune reconstitution dynamics in AIDS, gut microbiota, and Helicobacter pylori infection: current advances and therapeutic prospects.Gut pathogens · 2025Article
- Challenges of concurrent HIV infection in the course and management of Crohn's disease.Journal of medicine and life · 2025Review
- IL-21 and anti-α4β7 dual therapy during ART promotes immunological and microbiome responses in SIV-infected macaques.JCI insight · 2025Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Changes in the microbiota have been linked to persistent inflammation during treated HIV infection. In this pilot double-blind study, we study 30 HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a CD4/CD8 ratio < 1 randomized to either weekly fecal microbiota capsules or placebo for 8 weeks. Stool donors were rationally selected based on their microbiota signatures. We report that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is safe, not related to severe adverse events, and attenuates HIV-associated dysbiosis. FMT elicits changes in gut microbiota structure, including significant increases in alpha diversity, and a mild and transient engraftment of donor's microbiota during the treatment period. The greater engraftment seems to be achieved by recent antibiotic use before FMT. The Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae families, which are typically depleted in people with HIV, are the taxa more robustly engrafted across time-points. In exploratory analyses, we describe a significant amelioration in the FMT group in intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (IFABP), a biomarker of intestinal damage that independently predicts mortality. Gut microbiota manipulation using a non-invasive and safe strategy of FMT delivery is feasible and deserves further investigation. Trial number: NCT03008941.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.