ArticleDiabetology & metabolic syndrome2021
Ultrasound evaluation of the fetal fat tissue, heart, liver and umbilical cord measurements in pregnancies complicated by gestational and type 1 diabetes mellitus: potential application in the fetal birth-weight estimation and prediction of the fetal macrosomia.
Article in Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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9 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discordance between abdominal circumference and estimated fetal weight in the late third trimester and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes.American journal of obstetrics & gynecology MFM · 2026Article
- Sonographic evaluation of fetal abdominal subcutaneous tissue in pregnancies complicated by gestational and type 1 diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Fetal Thigh Circumference Nomograms Across Gestational Ages: A Retrospective Study.Journal of personalized medicine · 2025Article
- Effects of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Fetal Liver Length: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Iranian journal of public health · 2025Review
- Application of artificial intelligence in diagnosis and management of fetal growth disorders: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Maternal Glycemic Status and Longitudinal Fetal Body Composition and Organ Volumes Based on Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography.Diabetes care · 2024Article
- Expression of Placental Lipid Transporters in Pregnancies Complicated by Gestational and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- AI-Enhanced Analysis Reveals Impact of Maternal Diabetes on Subcutaneous Fat Mass in Fetuses without Growth Alterations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Article
- Umbilical Cord Biometry and Fetal Abdominal Skinfold Assessment as Potential Biomarkers for Fetal Macrosomia in a Gestational Diabetes Romanian Cohort.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of the study was to evaluate the ultrasound-derived measurements of the fetal soft-tissue, heart, liver and umbilical cord in pregnancies complicated by gestational (GDM) and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), and further to assess their applicability in the estimation of the fetal birth-weight and prediction of fetal macrosomia.
methodsMeasurements were obtained from diet-controlled GDM (GDMG1) (n = 40), insulin-controlled GDM (GDMG2) (n = 40), T1DM (n = 24) and healthy control (n = 40) patients. The following parameters were selected for analysis: fetal sub-scapular fat mass (SSFM), abdominal fat mass (AFM), mid-thigh fat/lean mass (MTFM/MTLM) and inter-ventricular septum (IVS) thicknesses, heart and thorax circumference and area (HeC/HeA; ThC/ThA), liver length (LL), umbilical cord/vein/arteries circumference and area (UmC/UmA; UvC/UvA; UaC/UaA) together with total umbilical vessels (UveA) and Wharton's jelly area (WjA). Regression models were created in order to assess the contribution of selected parameters to fetal birth-weight (FBW) and risk of fetal macrosomia.
resultsMeasurements of the fetal SSFM, AFM, MTFM, MTFM/MTLM ratio, HeC, HeA, IVS, LL, UmC, UmA, UaC, UaA, UveA and WjA were significantly increased among patients with GDMG2/T1DM as compared to GDMG1 and/or control groups (p < .05). The regression analysis revealed that maternal height as well as fetal biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference (AC), AFM and LL measurements were independent predictors of the FBW (p < .05). In addition, increase in the fetal AFM, AC and femur length (FL) was associated with a significant risk of fetal macrosomia occurrence (p < .05). The equation developed for the FBW estimation [FBW(g) = - 2254,942 + 17,204 * FL (mm) + 105,531 * AC (cm) + 131,347 * AFM (mm)] provided significantly lower mean absolute percent error than standard formula in the sub-group of women with T1DM (5.7% vs 9.4%, p < .05). Moreover, new equation including AC, FL and AFM parameters yielded sensitivity of 93.8%, specificity 77.7%, positive predictive value 54.5% and negative predictive value of 97.8% in the prediction of fetal macrosomia.
conclusionsUltrasound measurements of the fetal soft tissue, heart, liver and umbilical cord are significantly increased among women with GDM treated with insulin and T1DM. In addition to standard biometric measurements, parameters, such as AFM, may find application in the management of diabetes-complicated pregnancies.
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