Trial reportJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2021
FOPR test: a virtual reality-based technique to assess field of perception and field of regard in hemispatial neglect.
Trial report in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03463122 (Virtual Reality Based Visual Perception Evaluation and Rehabilitation-pilot Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Virtual Reality Based Visual Perception Evaluation and Rehabilitation-pilot Study
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Signs and symptoms in spatial neglect syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2026Pooled it
- Technologies for the three-dimensional assessment and treatment of unilateral spatial neglect in individuals with stroke: a systematic review.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Virtual Reality and Eye-Tracking Assessment, and Treatment of Unilateral Spatial Neglect: Systematic Review and Future Prospects.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Pooled it
- Immersive Virtual Reality in Neuropsychological Assessment of Acquired Brain Injury: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Neuropsychology review · 2026Review
- The Neuropsychological Assessment of Unilateral Spatial Neglect Through Computerized and Virtual Reality Tools: A Scoping Review.Neuropsychology review · 2024Article
- Virtual reality tasks with eye tracking for mild spatial neglect assessment: a pilot study with acute stroke patients.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- Virtual reality gameplay classification illustrates the multidimensionality of visuospatial neglect.Brain communications · 2024Article
- An immersive virtual reality system for ecological assessment of peripersonal and extrapersonal unilateral spatial neglect.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Article
- Feasibility of hemispatial neglect rehabilitation with virtual reality-based visual exploration therapy among patients with stroke: randomised controlled trial.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Article
- EEG-Based Identification of Emotional Neural State Evoked by Virtual Environment Interaction.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Virtual reality for the assessment and rehabilitation of neglect: where are we now? A 6-year review update.Virtual reality · 2022Article
- Various tests of left neglect are associated with distinct territories of hypoperfusion in acute stroke.Brain communications · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe previously proposed a novel virtual reality-based method to assess human field of perception (FOP) and field of regard (FOR), termed the FOPR test. This study assessed the diagnostic validity of the FOPR test for hemispatial neglect (HSN).
methodsWe included 19 stroke patients with a lesion in the right hemisphere and with HSN (HSN+SS), 22 stroke patients with a lesion in the right hemisphere and without HSN (HSN-SS), and 22 healthy controls aged 19-65 years. The success rate (SR) and response time (RT) in the FOPR test for both FOP and FOR were assessed (FOP-SR, FOR-SR, FOP-RT, and FOR-RT, respectively). Using a Bland-Altman plot, agreements between the FOPR test and conventional tests were confirmed, and the FOPR test accuracy was verified using the support vector machine (SVM). Measured values were analysed using ANOVA and Kruskall-Wallis tests for group comparison.
resultsThe Bland-Altman plot showed good agreement between FOPR test and conventional tests; individuals within 95% agreement limits were within the range of 94.8-100.0%. The SVM classification accuracy, using FOP and FOR variables from the left hemispace, ranged from 83.3 to 100.0% in a binary classification (HSN vs non-HSN). The FOPR test demonstrated differences in SR and RT for both FOP and FOR across the groups.
conclusionThe FOPR test was valid for the HSN diagnosis and provided quantitative and intuitive information regarding visuospatial function. Furthermore, it might enhance our understanding of visuospatial function including HSN by applying the time relative component and concepts of perception and exploration, FOP and FOR.
trial registrationNCT03463122. Registered 13 March 2018, retrospectively registered.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.