Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33602181›Full record

ArticleBMC complementary medicine and therapies2021

Characteristics of global naturopathic education, regulation, and practice frameworks: results from an international survey.

J M Dunn, A E Steel, J Adams, I Lloyd, N De Groot, T Hausser, J Wardle

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

J M DunnUniversity of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia. Jillian.M.Dunn@student.uts.edu.au.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8766-2685
A E SteelAustralian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
J AdamsAustralian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9901-5717
I LloydWorld Naturopathic Federation, 20 Holly St, Suite, Toronto, 200, Canada.
N De GrootWorld Naturopathic Federation, 20 Holly St, Suite, Toronto, 200, Canada.
T HausserWorld Naturopathic Federation, 20 Holly St, Suite, Toronto, 200, Canada.
J WardleAustralian Research Centre in Complementary & Integrative Medicine (ARCCIM), School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThis descriptive study provides the first examination of global naturopathic education, regulation and practice frameworks that have potential to constrain or assist professional formation and integration in global health systems. Despite increasing public use, a significant workforce, and World Health Organization calls for national policy development to support integration of services, existent frameworks as potential barriers to integration have not been examined.

methodsThis cross-sectional survey utilized purposive sampling of 65 naturopathic organisations (educational institutions, professional associations, and regulatory bodies) from 29 countries. Organizational representatives completed an on-line survey, conducted between Nov 2016 - Aug 2019. Frequencies and cross-tabulation statistics were analyzed using SPSSv.25. Qualitative responses were hand-coded and thematically analysed where appropriate.

resultsSixty-five of 228 naturopathic organizations completed the survey (29% response rate) from 29 of 46 countries (63% country response rate). Most education programs (68%) were delivered via a national framework. Higher education qualifications (60%) predominated. Organizations influential in education were professional associations (75.4%), particularly where naturopathy was unregulated, and accreditation bodies (41.5%) and regulatory boards (33.8%) where regulated. Full access to controlled acts, and to health insurance rebates were more commonly reported where regulated. Attitude of decision-makers, opinions of other health professions and existing legislation were perceived to most impact regulation, which was globally heterogeneous.

conclusionEducation and regulation of the naturopathic profession has significant heterogeneity, even in the face of global calls for consistent regulation that recognizes naturopathy as a medical system. Standards are highest and consistency more apparent in countries with regulatory frameworks.

Indexed as

Education, ProfessionalGlobal HealthNaturopathyProfessional PracticeSocial Control, FormalAccreditationAttitudeCross-Sectional StudiesDelivery of Health CareHumansIntegrative MedicineOrganizationsSurveys and QuestionnairesComplementary medicineEducationNaturopathyRegulation

Identifiers

PMID33602181
PMCPMC7893718

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.