ArticleBMC genomics2021
The immune-modulating pregnancy-specific glycoproteins evolve rapidly and their presence correlates with hemochorial placentation in primates.
Article in BMC genomics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prenatal Dibutyl Phthalate Exposure Dysregulates Fetal-Placental Vascular Function and Placental Vasculature-Specific Lipid Metabolism.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Endocytic CEACAM receptor loss and lack of positive selection in CEACAM1 of birds and snakes indicate absence of pathogen-CEACAM1 interactions in some reptiles.Research square · 2026Article
- Endogenous retroviral elements LTR8B and MER65 rewire PSG9 regulation to control trophoblast syncytialization and pre-eclampsia risk.Genome biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Placental endocrine function is controlled by maternal gut Bifidobacterium in germ-free mice.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME: ORIGINS AND IMPLICATIONS: Polycystic ovary syndrome: an evolutionary metabolic adaptation.Reproduction (Cambridge, England) · 2025Review
- Trophoblast Fusion in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Preeclampsia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins as potential drug targets for female lung adenocarcinoma patients.Briefings in functional genomics · 2025Article
- Toward understanding sexual immune dimorphism in humans.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Evolution of CEACAM pathogen decoy receptors in primates.European journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Two waves of evolution in the rodent pregnancy-specific glycoprotein (Psg) gene family lead to structurally diverse PSGs.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- Regulation of human trophoblast gene expression by endogenous retroviruses.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2023Article
- Gestational SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with placental expression of immune and trophoblast genes.Placenta · 2022Article
- (Dis)similarities between the Decidual and Tumor Microenvironment.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- PSG7 indicates that age at diagnosis is associated with papillary thyroid carcinoma: A study based on the cancer genome atlas data.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
- Evolution of Placental Hormones: Implications for Animal Models.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Estrogen/ER in anti-tumor immunity regulation to tumor cell and tumor microenvironment.Cancer cell international · 2021Review
- Medawar's PostEra: Galectins Emerged as Key Players During Fetal-Maternal Glycoimmune Adaptation.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPregnancy-specific glycoprotein (PSG) genes belong to the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family, within the immunoglobulin gene superfamily. In humans, 10 PSG genes encode closely related secreted glycoproteins. They are exclusively expressed in fetal syncytiotrophoblast cells and represent the most abundant fetal proteins in the maternal blood. In recent years, a role in modulation of the maternal immune system possibly to avoid rejection of the semiallogeneic fetus and to facilitate access of trophoblast cells to maternal resources via the blood system has been suggested. Alternatively, they could serve as soluble pathogen decoy receptors like other members of the CEA family. Despite their clearly different domain organization, similar functional properties have also been observed for murine and bat PSG. As these species share a hemochorial type of placentation and a seemingly convergent formation of PSG genes during evolution, we hypothesized that hemochorial placentae support the evolution of PSG gene families.
resultsTo strengthen this hypothesis, we have analyzed PSG genes in 57 primate species which exhibit hemochorial or epitheliochorial placentation. In nearly all analyzed apes some 10 PSG genes each could be retrieved from genomic databases, while 6 to 24 PSG genes were found in Old World monkey genomes. Surprisingly, only 1 to 7 PSG genes could be identified in New World monkeys. Interestingly, no PSG genes were found in more distantly related primates with epitheliochorial placentae like lemurs and lorises. The exons encoding the putative receptor-binding domains exhibit strong selection for diversification in most primate PSG as revealed by rapid loss of orthologous relationship during evolution and high ratios of nonsynonymous and synonymous mutations.
conclusionThe distribution of trophoblast-specific PSGs in primates and their pattern of selection supports the hypothesis that PSG are still evolving to optimize fetal-maternal or putative pathogen interactions in mammals with intimate contact of fetal cells with the immune system of the mother like in hemochorial placentation.
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