ArticleInhalation toxicology2021
Lung toxicity and gene expression changes in response to whole-body inhalation exposure to cellulose nanocrystal in rats.
Article in Inhalation toxicology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pulmonary inflammation and immune responses induced by nanocellulose: Insights fromCurrent research in toxicology · 2025Article
- Pulmonary toxicity and gene expression changes in response to whole-body inhalation exposure to multi-walled carbon nanotubes in rats.Inhalation toxicology · 2022Article
- Biological effects of inhaled crude oil vapor. III. Pulmonary inflammation, cytotoxicity, and gene expression profile.Inhalation toxicologyArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveHuman exposure to cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is possible during the production and/or use of products containing CNC. The objectives of the current study were to determine the lung toxicity of CNC and the underlying molecular mechanisms of the toxicity.
methodsRats were exposed to air or CNC (20 mg/m
resultsSignificant increases in lactate dehydrogenase activity, pro-inflammatory cytokine levels, phagocyte oxidant production, and macrophage and neutrophil counts were detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage cells or fluid from the CNC exposed rats. Mild lung histological changes, such as the accumulation of macrophages and neutrophils, were detected in the CNC exposed rats. Gene expression profiling by next generation sequencing identified 531 genes whose expressions were significantly different in the lungs of the CNC exposed rats, compared with the controls. Bioinformatic analysis of the lung gene expression data identified significant enrichment in several biological functions and canonical pathways including those related to inflammation (cellular movement, immune cell trafficking, inflammatory diseases and response, respiratory disease, complement system, acute phase response, leukocyte extravasation signaling, granulocyte and agranulocyte adhesion and diapedesis, IL-10 signaling, and phagosome formation and maturation) and oxidative stress (NRF2-mediated oxidative stress response, production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species in macrophages, and free radical scavenging).
conclusionOur data demonstrated that inhalation exposure of rats to CNC resulted in lung toxicity mediated mainly through the induction of inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.