ArticleJournal of sleep research2021
Severe effects of the COVID-19 confinement on young children's sleep: A longitudinal study identifying risk and protective factors.
Article in Journal of sleep research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of COVID-19 home confinement on sleep in children: A systematic review.Sleep medicine reviews · 2022Pooled it
- Neurodevelopmental treatment needs after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in young children: A cohort study.The Journal of international medical research · 2026Article
- Article
- A comparison of referral and treatment patterns at child development institutes during the corona closures and pre-corona periods.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Social-emotional and behavioural problems in young children of healthcare worker mothers during the COVID-19 outbreak: a case-control study.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
- Associations between Social Contact, Sleep and Dietary Patterns among Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Epidemiological characteristics of myopia among school-age children before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a cohort study in Shenzhen, China.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- The relationships between the family impact and distress of the coronavirus disease-19 pandemic, parent insomnia, infant temperamental negative affectivity, and parent-reported infant sleep: a path analysis.Sleep advances : a journal of the Sleep Research Society · 2024Article
- The impact of maternal mood and economic stress during Covid-19 pandemic on infant behaviour: Findings from the cross-sectional UK Covid-19 New Mum Study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- More frequent naps are associated with lower cognitive development in a cohort of 8-38-month-old children, during the Covid-19 pandemic.JCPP advances · 2023Article
- Sleep During the Pandemic.Sleep medicine clinics · 2023Review
- Sleep Disturbances and Mental Well-Being of Preschool Children during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Mexico.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children's sleep habits: an ECHO study.Pediatric research · 2023Article
- Longitudinal trends in parent-reported child sleep, physical activity, and screen use during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City.SAGE open medicine · 2023Article
- Sleep as a protective factor of children's executive functions: A study during COVID-19 confinement.PloS one · 2023Article
- Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on adherence to noninvasive ventilation in children.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2023Article
- Child-parent relationship during the Wuhan COVID-19 lockdown: Role of changes in preschool children's daily routines.Family relations · 2022Article
- Sleep of infants and toddlers during 12 months of the COVID-19 pandemic in the midwestern United States.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2022Article
- Effect of Screen Time on Physical and Mental Health and Eating Habits During COVID-19 Lockdown in Lebanon.Psychiatry investigation · 2022Article
- Circadian disturbances, sleep difficulties and the COVID-19 pandemic.Sleep medicine · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The COVID-19 confinement has dramatically altered daily routines, causing decreased sleep quality in adults. This necessitates careful observation, as sleep plays a crucial role in brain maturation and poor sleep increases the risk of psychopathology, particularly in the young population. Through an online survey with one baseline (April 2020) and two follow-up assessments (May and June 2020), we examined the effect of confinement on sleep quality in 452 babies (0-35 months) and 412 preschool children (36-71 months) from several, mainly European, countries. An acute decrease in sleep quality was found in both groups of children. However, at follow-up assessments, this effect rebounded to the level reported for the period before the confinement. Importantly, caregiver's stress level was identified as a substantial risk factor determining lower sleep quality in both groups of children across assessments. Protective factors conserving children's sleep quality included caregiver's engagement in mindfulness techniques or childcare, and the presence of siblings and pets. In the near future, we may repeatedly experience the circumstances of abruptly enforced confinement. Our findings reveal promising pathways of action to protect young children's sleep, with which to essentially mitigate the long-term consequences of the pandemic on brain development and mental health.
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