ArticleInternational immunopharmacology2021
Type 2 diabetes mellitus impaired nasal immunity and increased the risk of hyposmia in COVID-19 mild pneumonia patients.
Article in International immunopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist prevents pulmonary fibrosis following acute COVID-19 infection associated with type 2 diabetes.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Review
- [Analysis of curative effect of orbital apex syndrome caused by sinus disease].Lin chuang er bi yan hou tou jing wai ke za zhi = Journal of clinical otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery · 2024Article
- Olfactory function in diabetes mellitus.Journal of clinical & translational endocrinology · 2024Review
- Metformin Alters mRNA Expression ofViruses · 2024Article
- Neurological symptoms and comorbidity profile of hospitalized patients with COVID-19.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2023Article
- Immune-inflammatory biomarkers and the risk of cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients with diabetes: a retrospective cohort study.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2022Article
- Comparative pathology of the nasal epithelium in K18-hACE2 Tg mice, hACE2 Tg mice, and hamsters infected with SARS-CoV-2.Veterinary pathology · 2022Article
- Bioactives ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- COVID-19 and Preexisting Comorbidities: Risks, Synergies, and Clinical Outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Occult Pulmonary Infection in Elderly Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.BioMed research international · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In patients with COVID-19,type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can impair the function of nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) and result in olfactory dysfunction. Exploring the causative alterations of T2DM within the nasal mucosa and NALT could provide insight into the pathogenic mechanisms and bridge the gap between innate immunity and adaptive immunity for virus clearance. Here, we designed a case-control study to compare the olfactory function (OF) among the groups of normal control (NC), COVID-19 mild pneumonia (MP), and MP patients with T2DM (MPT) after a 6-8 months' recovery, in which MPT had a higher risk of hyposmia than MP and NC. No significant difference was found between the MP and NC. This elevated risk of hyposmia indicated that T2DM increased COVID-19 susceptibility in the nasal cavity with unknown causations. Therefore, we used the T2DM animal model (db/db mice) to evaluate how T2DM increased COVID-19 associated susceptibilities in the nasal mucosa and lymphoid tissues. Db/db mice demonstratedupregulated microvasculature ACE2 expression and significant alterations in lymphocytes component of NALT. Specifically, db/db mice NALT had increased immune-suppressive TCRγδ
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