ArticlePLoS pathogens2021
Pre-existing heterosubtypic immunity provides a barrier to airborne transmission of influenza viruses.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Quantifying the role of pre-existing tissue resident cellular immunity in limiting respiratory virus transmission.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Meeting Report: Fourth Correlates of Protection for Next Generation Influenza Vaccines.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Immunity to hemagglutinin and neuraminidase results in additive reductions in airborne transmission of influenza H1N1 virus in ferrets.Science advances · 2026Article
- Fatal human H3N8 influenza virus has a moderate pandemic risk.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Quantifying viral pandemic potential from experimental transmission studies.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Eurasian 1C swine influenza A virus exhibits high pandemic risk traits.Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- Fatal Human H3N8 Influenza Virus has a Moderate Pandemic Risk.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Innate immunity and training to subvert original antigenic sin by the humoral immune response.eLife · 2025Article
- Quantifying viral pandemic potential from experimental transmission studies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Preexisting immunity to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 virus reduces susceptibility to H5N1 infection and disease in ferrets.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Ocular infectivity and replication of a clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) influenza virus associated with human conjunctivitis in a dairy farm worker in the USA: an in-vitro and ferret study.The Lancet. Microbe · 2025Article
- Influenza A(H5N1) Immune Response among Ferrets with Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Immunity.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- An Optimised Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Ferret Efficacy Model Successfully Translates H1N1 Clinical Data.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Pre-existing H1N1 immunity reduces severe disease with bovine H5N1 influenza virus.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Ventilation does not affect close-range transmission of influenza virus in a ferret playpen setup.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Potential pandemic risk of circulating swine H1N2 influenza viruses.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Optimal thresholds and key parameters for predicting influenza A virus transmission events in ferrets.Npj viruses · 2024Article
- Influenza virus immune imprinting dictates the clinical outcomes in ferrets challenged with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- Mechanisms for the circulation of influenza A(H3N2) in China: A spatiotemporal modelling study.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human-to-human transmission of influenza viruses is a serious public health threat, yet the precise role of immunity from previous infections on the susceptibility to airborne infection is still unknown. Using the ferret model, we examined the roles of exposure duration and heterosubtypic immunity on influenza transmission. We demonstrate that a 48 hour exposure is sufficient for efficient transmission of H1N1 and H3N2 viruses. To test pre-existing immunity, a gap of 8-12 weeks between primary and secondary infections was imposed to reduce innate responses and ensure robust infection of donor animals with heterosubtypic viruses. We found that pre-existing H3N2 immunity did not significantly block transmission of the 2009 H1N1pandemic (H1N1pdm09) virus to immune animals. Surprisingly, airborne transmission of seasonal H3N2 influenza strains was abrogated in recipient animals with H1N1pdm09 pre-existing immunity. This protection from natural infection with H3N2 virus was independent of neutralizing antibodies. Pre-existing immunity with influenza B virus did not block H3N2 virus transmission, indicating that the protection was likely driven by the adaptive immune response. We demonstrate that pre-existing immunity can impact susceptibility to heterologous influenza virus strains, and implicate a novel correlate of protection that can limit the spread of respiratory pathogens through the air.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.