ArticlePloS one2021
Differences in fractal patterns and characteristic periodicities between word salads and normal sentences: Interference of meaning and sound.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- On the fractal patterns of language structures.PloS one · 2023Article
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Abstract
Fractal dimensions and characteristic periodicities were evaluated in normal sentences, computer-generated word salads, and word salads from schizophrenia patients, in both Japanese and English, using the random walk patterns of vowels. In normal sentences, the walking curves were smooth with gentle undulations, whereas computer-generated word salads were rugged with mechanical repetitions, and word salads from patients with schizophrenia were unreasonably winding with meaningless repetitive patterns or even artistic cohesion. These tendencies were similar in both languages. Fractal dimensions between normal sentences and word salads of schizophrenia were significantly different in Japanese [1.19 ± 0.09 (n = 90) and 1.15 ± 0.08 (n = 45), respectively] and English [1.20 ± 0.08 (n = 91), and 1.16 ± 0.08 (n = 42)] (p < 0.05 for both). Differences in long-range (>10) periodicities between normal sentences and word salads from schizophrenia patients were predominantly observed at 25.6 (p < 0.01) in Japanese and 10.7 (p < 0.01) in English. The differences in fractal dimension and characteristic periodicities of relatively long-range (>10) presented here are sensitive to discriminate between schizophrenia and healthy mental state, and could be implemented in social robots to assess the mental state of people in care.
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