ArticlePloS one2021
Determination of modifiable risk factors for length-for-age z-scores among resource-poor Indonesian infants.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chicken liver and eggshell crackers are a safe and affordable animal source food for overcoming micronutrient deficits during pregnancy and lactation in Indonesia: a double-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial (SISTIK Growth Study).BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Trial
- Predictors of impaired growth during the first year of life: findings from a longitudinal cohort study in Pakistan.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Risk factors associated with stunting incidence in under five children in Southeast Asia: a scoping review.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2024Article
- Maternal education and its influence on child growth and nutritional status during the first two years of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis.EClinicalMedicine · 2024Article
- Stunting predictors among children aged 0-24 months in Southeast Asia: a scoping review.Revista brasileira de enfermagem · 2024Article
- Acceptability trial of local Indonesian snack (SISTIK) enriched with chicken liver and eggshell powder as a potential food to increase micronutrient intakes among women of reproductive age.Wellcome open research · 2024Article
- Chicken liver and eggshell crackers as a safe and affordable animal source food for overcoming micronutrient deficits during pregnancy and lactation in Indonesia: a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial (SISTIK Growth Study).Wellcome open research · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
To reduce the burden of early-life linear growth faltering in low- and middle-income countries, interventions have focused on nutrition strategies, sometimes combined with water quality, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). However, even when combined, their effects on linear growth have been inconsistent. Here, we investigate potential predictors of length-for-age z-scores (LAZ) in a cohort of resource-poor rural Indonesian infants to inform the optimal strategies to reduce linear growth faltering. Apparently healthy rural breastfed Indonesian infants were randomly selected from birth registries at age 6 months (n = 230) and followed up at 9 (n = 202) and 12 (n = 190) months. Using maximum likelihood estimation, we examined longitudinal relationships among socio-demographic status, maternal height, infant sex, age, water source, sanitation facility, energy, protein, micronutrient intakes and biomarkers (serum ferritin, zinc, retinol binding protein (RBP), selenium-adjusted for inflammation), and α-1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (systemic inflammation biomarkers) at age 6 and 9 months on LAZ at age 9 and 12 months. Stunting (LAZ <-2) at 6, 9, and 12 months was 15.7%, 19.3%, and 22.6%, respectively. In the full model, the predictor variable at age 6 months that was most strongly associated with infant LAZ at 9 months was maternal height (0.18 (95% CI 0.03, 0.32) SD). At age 9 months, the strongest predictors of LAZ at 12 months were improved drinking water source (-0.40 (95% CI -0.65, -0.14) vs. not improved), elevated AGP compared to not elevated (0.26 (95%CI -0.06, 0.58), maternal height (0.16 (95% CI 0.02, 0.31) SD), sex (0.22 (95% CI -0.02,0.45) female vs. male), serum RBP (0.12 (95% CI -0.01, 0.25) SD), and protein intake (0.17 (95% CI -0.01, 0.35) SD). Health promotion that includes exclusive breastfeeding up to the first six months and follows microbial water quality guidelines to ensure water intake is always safe should be considered.
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