ArticlePLoS pathogens2021
Winter is coming-Temperature affects immune defenses and susceptibility to Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Experimental temperatures shape host microbiome diversity and composition.Global change biology · 2023Pooled it
- Seasonal climatic variability shapes immune responses and infection risks in the common bluetail damselfly.Oecologia · 2026Article
- Thermal and immunological stress modulate the locomotor performance of femaleConservation physiology · 2026Article
- Novel antimicrobial peptides and peptide-microbiome crosstalk in Appalachian salamander skin.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Quantifying exposure of amphibian species to heat waves, cold spells, and droughts.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2025Article
- Near-infrared spectroscopy as a diagnostic screening tool for lethal chytrid fungus in eastern newts.Communications biology · 2025Article
- In Vitro Infection Model Using A6 Cells Sets the Stage for Host-Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- High phenotypic diversity correlated with genomic variation across the European Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans epizootic.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
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- Article
- One Health Approach to Globalizing, Accelerating, and Focusing Amphibian and Reptile Disease Research-Reflections and Opinions from the First Global Amphibian and Reptile Disease Conference.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Divergent population responses following salamander mass mortalities and declines driven by the emerging pathogenProceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Ecological Barriers for an Amphibian Pathogen: A Narrow Ecological Niche forJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The adaptive microbiome hypothesis and immune interactions in amphibian mucus.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2023Review
- Heat stress and amphibian immunity in a time of climate change.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Review
- Effects of exogenous elevation of corticosterone on immunity and the skin microbiome of eastern newts (Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Broad host susceptibility of North American amphibian species to Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans suggests high invasion potential and biodiversity risk.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Inhibitory Bacterial Diversity and Mucosome Function Differentiate Susceptibility of Appalachian Salamanders to Chytrid Fungal Infection.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2022Article
- Widespread occurrence ofEcology and evolution · 2022Article
- Lymphocyte Inhibition by the Salamander-Killing Chytrid Fungus, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Environmental temperature is a key factor driving various biological processes, including immune defenses and host-pathogen interactions. Here, we evaluated the effects of environmental temperature on the pathogenicity of the emerging fungal pathogen, Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), using controlled laboratory experiments, and measured components of host immune defense to identify regulating mechanisms. We found that adult and juvenile Notophthalmus viridescens died faster due to Bsal chytridiomycosis at 14°C than at 6 and 22°C. Pathogen replication rates, total available proteins on the skin, and microbiome composition likely drove these relationships. Temperature-dependent skin microbiome composition in our laboratory experiments matched seasonal trends in wild N. viridescens, adding validity to these results. We also found that hydrophobic peptide production after two months post-exposure to Bsal was reduced in infected animals compared to controls, perhaps due to peptide release earlier in infection or impaired granular gland function in diseased animals. Using our temperature-dependent susceptibility results, we performed a geographic analysis that revealed N. viridescens populations in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada are at greatest risk for Bsal invasion, which shifted risk north compared to previous assessments. Our results indicate that environmental temperature will play a key role in the epidemiology of Bsal and provide evidence that temperature manipulations may be a viable disease management strategy.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.