ArticleACS chemical biology2021
The Structural and Biochemical Basis of Apocarotenoid Processing by β-Carotene Oxygenase-2.
Article in ACS chemical biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disruption of carotenoid metabolism in cavefish via loss of beta-carotene oxygenase 2a.Current biology : CB · 2026Article
- Unveiling BCO2 function in macular pigment metabolism: Mitochondrial processing and expression in the primate retina.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids · 2025Article
- Natural bioactive compounds and their mechanisms of action in the management of obesity: a narrative review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
- Vitamin A supply in the eye and establishment of the visual cycle.Current topics in developmental biology · 2025Review
- Immunometabolic effects ofImmunometabolism (Cobham, Surrey) · 2024Review
- The Absorption, Storage, and Transport of Ocular Carotenoids and Retinoids.Annual review of vision science · 2024Review
- Carotenoids in Health as Studied by Omics-Related Endpoints.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Review
- Bioavailability and provitamin A activity of neurosporaxanthin in mice.Communications biology · 2023Article
- Carotenoid enrichment in eggs: From biochemistry perspective.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2023Review
- Carotenoids and Their Health Benefits as Derived via Their Interactions with Gut Microbiota.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Review
- Combinatorial Engineering of Upper Pathways and Carotenoid Cleavage Dioxygenase in Escherichia coli for Pseudoionone Production.Applied biochemistry and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Aster la vista: Unraveling the biochemical basis of carotenoid homeostasis in the human retina.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2022Article
- Aster proteins mediate carotenoid transport in mammalian cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Review
- Mechanisms of Feedback Regulation of Vitamin A Metabolism.Nutrients · 2022Review
- Carotenoid modifying enzymes in metazoans.Methods in enzymology · 2022Article
- Expression and biochemical analyses of proteins involved in the transport of carotenoids and retinoids.Methods in enzymology · 2022Article
- Structural and Functional Analysis of Nonheme Iron Enzymes BCMO-1 and BCMO-2 fromFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In mammals, carotenoids are converted by two carotenoid cleavage oxygenases into apocarotenoids, including vitamin A. Although knowledge about β-carotene oxygenase-1 (BCO1) and vitamin A metabolism has tremendously increased, the function of β-carotene oxygenase-2 (BCO2) remains less well-defined. We here studied the role of BCO2 in the metabolism of long chain β-apocarotenoids, which recently emerged as putative regulatory molecules in mammalian biology. We showed that recombinant murine BCO2 converted the alcohol, aldehyde, and carboxylic acid of a β-apocarotenoid substrate by oxidative cleavage at position C9,C10 into a β-ionone and a diapocarotenoid product. Chain length variation (C20 to C40) and ionone ring site modifications of the apocarotenoid substrate did not impede catalytic activity or alter the regioselectivity of the double bond cleavage by BCO2. Isotope labeling experiments revealed that the double bond cleavage of an apocarotenoid followed a dioxygenase reaction mechanism. Structural modeling and site directed mutagenesis identified amino acid residues in the substrate tunnel of BCO2 that are critical for apocarotenoid binding and catalytic processing. Mice deficient for BCO2 accumulated apocarotenoids in their livers, indicating that the enzyme engages in apocarotenoid metabolism. Together, our study provides novel structural and functional insights into BCO2 catalysis and establishes the enzyme as a key component of apocarotenoid homeostasis in mice.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.