ArticleTransboundary and emerging diseases2022
Landscape effects and spatial patterns of avian influenza virus in Danish wild birds, 2006-2020.
Article in Transboundary and emerging diseases, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- A decade of West Nile virus surveillance in the host and vector populations of Denmark, 2011 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Article
- Predictiveness and drivers of highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Europe.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Prediction models show differences in highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in Japan and South Korea compared to Europe.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Investigating the role of environmental factors in the French highly pathogenic avian influenza epizootic in 2022-2023.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2025Article
- Risk for Waterborne Transmission and Environmental Persistence of Avian Influenza Virus in a Wildlife/Domestic Interface in Mexico.Food and environmental virology · 2024Article
- Risk factors for avian influenza in Danish poultry and wild birds during the epidemic from June 2020 to May 2021.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Using surveillance data for early warning modelling of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Europe reveals a seasonal shift in transmission, 2016-2022.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- A review of estimated transmission parameters for the spread of avian influenza viruses.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Review
- Landscape effects and spatial patterns of avian influenza virus in Danish wild birds, 2006-2020.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Avian influenza (AI) is a contagious disease of birds with zoonotic potential. AI virus (AIV) can infect most bird species, but clinical signs and mortality vary. Assessing the distribution and factors affecting AI presence can direct targeted surveillance to areas at risk of disease outbreaks, or help identify disease hotspots or areas with inadequate surveillance. Using virus surveillance data from passive and active AIV wild bird surveillance, 2006-2020, we investigated the association between the presence of AIV and a range of landscape factors and game bird release. Furthermore, we assessed potential bias in the passive AIV surveillance data submitted by the public, via factors related to public accessibility. Lastly, we tested the AIV data for possible hot- and cold spots within Denmark. The passive surveillance data was biased regarding accessibility to areas (distance to roads, cities and coast) compared to random locations within Denmark. For both the passive and active AIV surveillance data, we found significant (p < .01) associations with variables related to coast, wetlands and cities, but not game bird release. We used these variables to predict the risk of AIV presence throughout Denmark, and found high-risk areas concentrated along the coast and fjords. For both passive and active surveillance data, low-risk clusters were mainly seen in Jutland and northern Zealand, whereas high-risk clusters were found in Jutland, Zealand, Funen and the southern Isles such as Lolland and Falster. Our results suggest that landscape affects AIV presence, as coastal areas and wetlands attract waterfowl and migrating birds and therefore might increase the potential for AIV transmission. Our findings have enabled us to create risk maps of AIV presence in wild birds and pinpoint high-risk clusters within Denmark. This will aid targeted surveillance efforts within Denmark and potentially aid in planning the location of future poultry farms.
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