ArticleMedical oncology (Northwood, London, England)2021
Bexarotene inhibits cell proliferation by inducing oxidative stress, DNA damage and apoptosis via PPARγ/ NF-κB signaling pathway in C6 glioma cells.
Article in Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vardenafil Alleviates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity Associated with Restoration of the AMPK/SIRT1 Signaling Pathway.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Construction of a Prognostic Model Using RNA Processing Factor Genes and the Key Role of NSUN6 in Glioma Outcomes.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring the molecular pathways of miRNAs in testicular cancer: from diagnosis to therapeutic innovations.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Review
- PYCR1 expresses in cancer-associated fibroblasts and accelerates the progression of C6 glioblastoma.Histology and histopathology · 2025Article
- Article
- Leveraging a disulfidptosis‑related lncRNAs signature for predicting the prognosis and immunotherapy of glioma.Cancer cell international · 2023Article
- Bexarotene improves motor function after spinal cord injury in mice.Neural regeneration research · 2023Article
- RAR-Dependent and RAR-Independent RXR Signaling in Stem-like Glioma Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
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- Methanol Extract ofAntioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Fucoidan/UVC Combined Treatment Exerts Preferential Antiproliferation in Oral Cancer Cells but Not Normal Cells.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Current Opportunities for Targeting Dysregulated Neurodevelopmental Signaling Pathways in Glioblastoma.Cells · 2022Review
- Protective Effect of Isoorientin on Oleic Acid-Induced Oxidative Damage and Steatosis in Rat Liver Cells.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Expression of eIF4E Gene in Glioma and Its Sensitivity to Oxidative Stress.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
- Modeling, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Potential Retinoid-X-Receptor (RXR) Selective Agonists: Analogs of 4-[1-(3,5,5,8,8-Pentamethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahyro-2-naphthyl)ethynyl]benzoic Acid (Bexarotene) and 6-(Ethyl(4-isobutoxy-3-isopropylphenyl)amino)nicotinic Acid (NEt-4IB).International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gliomas are one of the most aggressive brain tumors with a poor prognosis in the central nervous system. Bexarotene is a third-generation retinoid X receptor agonist that is promising in the treatment of both cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects of bexarotene in C6 glioma cells through the PPARγ/NF-κB pathway. In the study, first cytotoxic bexarotene concentrations for C6 cells were detected, and then apoptosis profile, reactive oxygen species (ROS), total antioxidant (TAS), 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) levels in the cells were determined. In addition, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) mRNA expression analysis was carried out. As a result, we detected concentration- and time-dependent antiproliferative effects of bexarotene on C6 cells. We found that bexarotene treatment decreased NF-κB and TAS levels and increased PPARγ and 8-OHdG levels in C6 cells. Bexarotene enhanced PPARγ expression in a dose-dependent manner when compared to the control group (P < 0.01). Furthermore, we determined that bexarotene-induced apoptotic C6 cells enhanced through Annexin V-FITC/PI staining and caspase-3/-7 activation analyses since phosphatidylserine level on the outer surface of the cell membrane and caspase-3/-7 activities were increased in the cells treated with bexarotene. In conclusion, bexarotene treatment in C6 glioma cells could modulate apoptosis profile, DNA damage, ROS production, and reduction of TAS levels through inhibition of NF-κB by enhancing PPARγ expression.
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