ArticleAnalytical and bioanalytical chemistry2021
A journey towards whole water certified reference materials for organic substances: measuring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons as required by the European Union Water Framework Directive.
Article in Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Potential-Resolved Electrochemiluminescence and Its Application in Disease Biomarker Detection.Biosensors · 2025Review
- Multi-element analysis of unfiltered samples in river water monitoring-digestion and single-run analyses of 67 elements.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Article
- Electrochemical sensor based on carbon nanotube decorated with manganese oxide nanoparticles for naphthalene determination.Analytical sciences : the international journal of the Japan Society for Analytical Chemistry · 2023Article
- From sea salt to seawater: a novel approach for the production of water CRMs.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2022Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
In 2000, the Water Framework Directive (WFD) came into force in the European Union with the aim of protecting and improving water quality. The priority substances established to be monitored are predominantly organic compounds, for which the WFD sets the requirement of 'whole water sample' analysis. This legislative requirement poses analytical challenges for the monitoring laboratories as well as technical challenges for reference materials producers. In the past, there were attempts to produce reference materials as quality assurance/quality control tools for measuring organic priority substances in whole water. A critical reflection on the approaches and solutions applied to prepare such kind of matrix reference materials is presented along with a discussion on the difficulties encountered by the analytical laboratories in analysing such complex matrices. The Certified Reference Material (CRM) ERM-CA100 can be considered as a pioneer for a 'whole water' CRM (containing humic acids) and has been designed for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Further developments seem to be necessary to upgrade the design towards a CRM which will also include suspended particulate matter, another basic constituent of natural surface water samples.
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