ArticleTranslational behavioral medicine2021
The relation between individual-level factors and the implementation of classroom-based physical activity approaches among elementary school teachers.
Article in Translational behavioral medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect of the healthy school recognized campus initiative on metabolic syndrome among adolescents in texas: a pilot randomized factorial trial study.Journal of health, population, and nutrition · 2026Trial
- Feasibility and acceptability of an implementation strategy to enhance use of classroom-based physical activity approaches in elementary schools: a mixed methods study.BMC public health · 2025Trial
- Improving Usability of the Interrupting Prolonged Sitting With Activity Virtual Teacher Training Modules: Case Study.JMIR human factors · 2026Article
- Using implementation mapping to design an implementation strategy for classroom-based physical activity approaches in elementary schools.Translational behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- Educators' perceived barriers and facilitators to implementing a school-based nutrition, physical activity, and civic engagement intervention: a qualitative analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Relationship between the inner setting of CFIR and the delivery of the Healthy School Recognized Campus initiative: a mixed-methods analysis.Implementation science communications · 2024Article
- Optimization of implementation strategies using the Multiphase Optimization STratgey (MOST) framework: Practical guidance using the factorial design.Translational behavioral medicine · 2024Article
- Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Classroom Teachers' Intentions to Implement Classroom Physical Activity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Elementary school staff perspectives on the implementation of physical activity approaches in practice: an exploratory sequential mixed methods study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Understanding implementation strategies to support classroom-based physical activity approaches in elementary schools: A qualitative study.Evaluation and program planning · 2022Article
- Using Implementation Mapping to develop and test an implementation strategy for active learning to promote physical activity in children: a feasibility study using a hybrid type 2 design.Implementation science communications · 2022Article
- Differences in psychosocial constructs among elementary school staff that implement physical activity programs: a step in designing implementation strategies.Translational behavioral medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Classroom-based physical activity approaches can improve students' physical activity; however, their implementation remains a challenge. This study examined teacher-level factors associated with implementing two classroom-based physical activity approaches (active learning and physical activity breaks). We collected cross-sectional survey data from classroom teachers (n = 133) from 20 elementary schools in an urban Texas school district. Surveys included questions about theoretical constructs (e.g., knowledge, self-efficacy), personal characteristics (e.g., age, gender), and the implementation of active learning and physical activity breaks. We used linear regression models to assess associations between independent variables and implementation outcomes. We also assessed variable importance by examining the unique variance explained. Knowledge (b = .31, p = .001), outcome expectations (b = .18, p = .015), self-efficacy (b = .40, p ≤ .001), and support (b = .22, p = .028) were directly associated with active learning implementation. Teacher physical activity level (b = .29, p = .004) and grade level (third to fifth had lower levels than kindergarten to second grade, b = -.45, p = .022) were also associated with active learning implementation. In fully adjusted models, self-efficacy explained the most variance (≈5%) in active learning implementation compared to other variables. Knowledge (b = .18, p = 0.026), attitudes (b = .18, p = .019), self-efficacy (b = .15, p = .036), and teacher grade level (third to fifth had lower levels than kindergarten to second grade, b = -.80, p < .001) were associated with activity break implementation. In fully adjusted models, teacher grade level explained the most variance (≈13%) in activity break implementation compared to other variables. Results suggest multiple theoretical constructs and personal characteristics are important to target/consider when developing implementation strategies for classroom-based physical activity approaches. Additionally, self-efficacy and teacher grade level are two factors to prioritize.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.