ArticleJournal of extracellular vesicles2021
WJMSC-derived small extracellular vesicle enhance T cell suppression through PD-L1.
Article in Journal of extracellular vesicles, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trophoblast Extracellular Vesicles Rewire Immunity: A Symptom-Relief Avenue for Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2026Article
- PD-L1 Expression in Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Impacts on Innate and Adaptive Immunity, Therapeutic Potential, and Biomarker Utility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Novel Mechanistic Insights into Primary Biliary Cholangitis: From Pathogenesis to Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Mediated Repair.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicle-associated PD-L1 induces CD4Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- In vitro assays for investigating the immunomodulatory properties of human mesenchymal stromal cells.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- A phase 1b study on the safety of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of acute graft-versus-host disease.Cytotherapy · 2026Article
- Mesenchymal stem cells-derived extracellular vesicles as a novel drug delivery carrier: engineering strategies and clinical safety estimation.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived apoptotic extracellular vesicles loaded with Prussian blue nanoparticles attenuate severe acute pancreatitis via neutrophil extracellular traps resolution and acinar-ductal metaplasia promotion.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- LSD1 inhibition sensitizes anti-PD1 blockade immunotherapy by inhibiting the long-range attack of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Article
- Immunological mechanisms underlying the novel application of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) in graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) therapy.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- Macrophage-centred crosstalk with infiltrating immune cells in rheumatoid arthritis and its regulation by mesenchymal stem cells.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Large-scale manufacturing of immunosuppressive extracellular vesicles for human clinical trials.Cytotherapy · 2025Article
- sEV-mediated intercellular transformation from MGAT4AOncogene · 2025Article
- Extracellular vesicles in cancer´s communication: messages we can read and how to answer.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Critical roles of extracellular vesicles in periodontal disease and regeneration.Stem cells translational medicine · 2025Review
- Exosomal PD-L1 and lactate versus tissue PD-L1 as biomarkers for clinical outcomes of PD-1 Blockade plus chemotherapy in metastatic esophagogastric signet ring cell carcinoma.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles alleviate autism by regulating microglial glucose metabolism reprogramming and neuroinflammation through PD-1/PD-L1 interaction.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Tumor extracellular vesicle-derived PD-L1 promotes T cell senescence through lipid metabolism reprogramming.Science translational medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Stem cell and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology in Alzheimer's disease therapy: from basic research to clinical innovation.Frontiers in genome editing · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Both mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their corresponding small extracellular vesicles (sEVs, commonly referred to as exosomes) share similar immunomodulatory properties that are potentially beneficial for the treatment of acute graft versus host disease (aGvHD). We report that clinical grade Wharton's Jelly-derived MSCs (WJMSCs) secrete sEVs enriched in programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), an essential ligand for an inhibitory immune checkpoint. A rapid increase in circulating sEV-associated PD-L1 was observed in patients with aGvHD and was directly associated with the infusion time of clinical grade WJMSCs. In addition, in vitro inhibitory antibody mediated blocking of sEV-associated PD-L1 restored T cell activation (TCA), suggesting a functional inhibitory role of sEVs-PD-L1. PD-L1-deficient sEVs isolated from WJMSCs following CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing fail to inhibit TCA. Furthermore, we found that PD-L1 is essential for WJMSC-derived sEVs to modulate T cell receptors (TCRs). Our study reveals an important mechanism by which therapeutic WJMSCs modulate TCR-mediated TCA through sEVs or sEV-carried immune checkpoints. In addition, our clinical data suggest that sEV-associated PD-L1 may be not only useful in predicting the outcomes from WJMSC clinical administration, but also in developing cell-independent therapy for aGvHD patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.