ArticleEuropean journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie2021
Educational Differences in Cohort Fertility Across Sub-national Regions in Europe.
Article in European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- A harmonized dataset of education- and age-specific fertility rates for DHS countries.Scientific data · 2026Article
- No Partner, No Children? Union Formation, Assortative Mating, and Educational Inequalities in Fertility in Germany.European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie · 2026Article
- Only Children and Low Family Size Ideals: Did the One-Child Policy Create a "Low-Fertility Trap" in China?European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie · 2025Article
- Spatial Variation in the Educational Gradient of First Motherhood in Spain: Occurrence and Timing.Population, space and place · 2025Article
- Natural selection on reproductive timing varies by education in twentieth-century Estonia.Evolutionary human sciences · 2025Article
- Urban-Rural Disparities in the Transition to Parenthood During Times of Uncertainty: A Multilevel Perspective on Finland.European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie · 2024Article
- Educational field, economic uncertainty, and fertility decline in Finland in 2010-2019.European sociological review · 2024Article
- Family Life Courses, Uncertain Futures, and the Changing World of Work: State-of-the-Art and Prospects.European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie · 2024Article
- Educational experiences and American young adults' childbearing goals: A research note.Journal of marriage and the family · 2024Article
- The effect of educational attainment on birthrate in Japan: an analysis using the census and the vital statistics from 2000 to 2020.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2024Article
- Explaining the urban-rural gradient in later fertility in Europe.Population, space and place · 2024Article
- Industrial Robots and Regional Fertility in European Countries.European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie · 2023Article
- Second Birth Fertility in Germany: Social Class, Gender, and the Role of Economic Uncertainty.European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie · 2023Article
- Global trends in total fertility rate and its relation to national wealth, life expectancy and female education.BMC public health · 2022Article
- The Positive Effect of Women's Education on Fertility in Low-Fertility China.European journal of population = Revue europeenne de demographie · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Educational differences in female cohort fertility vary strongly across high-income countries and over time, but knowledge about how educational fertility differentials play out at the sub-national regional level is limited. Examining these sub-national regional patterns might improve our understanding of national patterns, as regionally varying contextual conditions may affect fertility. This study provides for the first time for a large number of European countries a comprehensive account of educational differences in the cohort fertility rate (CFR) at the sub-national regional level. We harmonise data from population registers, censuses, and large-sample surveys for 15 countries to measure women's completed fertility by educational level and region of residence at the end of the reproductive lifespan. In order to explore associations between educational differences in CFRs and levels of economic development, we link our data to regional GDP per capita. Empirical Bayesian estimation is used to reduce uncertainty in the regional fertility estimates. We document an overall negative gradient between the CFR and level of education, and notable regional variation in the gradient. The steepness of the gradient is inversely related to the economic development level. It is steepest in the least developed regions and close to zero in the most developed regions. This tendency is observed within countries as well as across all regions of all countries. Our findings underline the variability of educational gradients in women's fertility, suggest that higher levels of development may be associated with less negative gradients, and call for more in-depth sub-national-level fertility analyses by education.
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