ArticleScientific reports2021
A single-centre, retrospective study of the incidence of invasive fungal infections during 85 years of autopsy service in Brazil.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Talaromyces marneffei, Coccidioides species, and Paracoccidioides species-a systematic review to inform the World Health Organization priority list of fungal pathogens.Medical mycology · 2024Pooled it
- Neutrophil swarm formation on large targets.iScience · 2026Article
- Epidemiology and risk factors of fungal pathogens in sepsis: a prospective nationwide multicenter cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Nano Selenium: A Promising Solution for Infectious Diseases - Current Status and Future Prospects.Current pharmaceutical design · 2025Review
- Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and treatment of mucormycosis: a review.Annals of medicine · 2024Review
- HLA gene variations and mycotoxin toxicity: Four case reports.Mycotoxin research · 2024Article
- Alginate-Based 3D A549 Cell Culture Model to StudyJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Dual Disseminated Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis Diagnosed at Autopsy: A Report of Two Cases of Coinfection and a Review of the Literature.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Assessing and Reassessing the Association of Comorbidities and Coinfections in COVID-19 Patients.Cureus · 2023Review
- Comparative analysis of diagnostic methods for the detection of Cryptococcus neoformans meningitis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Coccidioidomycosis and Paracoccidioidomycosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Predictors of Postoperative ICU Admission in Patients With COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis.Cureus · 2022Article
- PbGP43 Genotyping Using Paraffin-Embedded Biopsies of Human Paracoccidioidomycosis Reveals a Genetically Distinct Lineage in the Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Complex.Mycopathologia · 2022Article
- Clinical outcome of orbital apex syndrome in COVID associated mucormycosis patients in a tertiary care hospital.International journal of ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Results from a national survey on COVID-19-associated mucormycosis in Germany: 13 patients from six tertiary hospitals.Mycoses · 2022Article
- Epidemiological Mucormycosis treatment and diagnosis challenges using the adaptive properties of computer vision techniques based approach: a review.Multimedia tools and applications · 2022Article
- The era of histoplasmosis in Brazilian endemic mycoses.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2021Review
- Mucormycosis: An opportunistic pathogen during COVID-19.Environmental research · 2021Review
- Characteristics of Invasive Pulmonary Fungal Diseases Diagnosed by Pathological Examination.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autopsy continues to play an essential role in monitoring opportunistic fungal infections. However, few studies have analysed the historical trends of fungal infections in autopsies. Here, we analyse available data on fungal infections obtained from autopsy reports during 85 years of autopsies performed by the largest autopsy service in Brazil. All invasive fungal infections presented in autopsy reports between 1930 and 2015 were included. Of the 158,404 autopsy reports analysed, 1096 involved invasive fungal infections. In general, paracoccidioidomycosis (24%) was the most frequent infection, followed by candidiasis (18%), pneumocystosis (11.7%), cryptococcosis (11%), aspergillosis (11%) and histoplasmosis (3.8%). Paracoccidioidomycosis decreased after the 1950s, whereas opportunistic fungal infections increased steadily after the 1980s during the peak of the AIDS pandemic. The lung was the most frequently affected organ (73%). Disseminated infection was present in 64.5% of cases. In 26% of the 513 cases for which clinical charts were available for review, the diagnosis of opportunistic fungal infections was performed only at autopsy. Our unique 85-year history of autopsies showed a transition from endemic to opportunistic fungal infections in São Paulo, Brazil, reflecting increased urbanization, the appearance of novel diseases, such as AIDS in the 1980s, and advances in medical care over time.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.