ReviewRMD open2021
Risk for infections with glucocorticoids and DMARDs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Review in RMD open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 64 citations in OpenAlex.
- 2024 Update of the Asia-Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology (APLAR) Recommendations for Rheumatoid Arthritis Management.International journal of rheumatic diseases · 2026Guideline
- [Vaccination of immunocompromised individuals: Expert opinion - update 2026].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2026Guideline
- Natural and iatrogenic ocular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review.International ophthalmology · 2022Pooled it
- The evolving comorbidity landscape of rheumatoid arthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- pH-Responsive Cinnamaldehyde-Arginine Nanoprodrug for Targeted Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy via Antioxidant Activity and Macrophage Reprogramming.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs are associated with increased readmission and reoperation rates following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a propensity-matched cohort study.Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong) · 2026Article
- Rheumatologists' Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drug Preferences for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from a Survey in Nigeria.Annals of African medicine · 2026Article
- Altered fibroblast-like synoviocyte epigenetics is responsible for deficient NUB1 expression in rheumatoid arthritis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- The Unusual Invader in a Patient with Long-Standing Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case ofDermatopathology (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Targeted next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid for pathogen detection in connective tissue disease-related pulmonary infections.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Multidimensional effects of the Xin'an Jianpi Tongbi Formula on self-perception of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: focusing on the mediating role of systemic inflammation index.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Machine learning analysis of treatment and complication patterns in rheumatoid arthritis case reports (1995-2025).Reumatologia · 2026Article
- Cytomegalovirus retinitis during upadacitinib monotherapy for rheumatoid arthritis: a case report.Journal of rheumatic diseases · 2026Article
- Nontuberculous mycobacterium seroprevalence in Japanese patients with RA.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2026Article
- Vaccination coverage according to immunosuppression level among adults with non-rheumatoid arthritis rheumatic diseases: a retrospective observational study in Korea.Epidemiology and health · 2026Observational
- Disease modifying biomaterials for modulating mechanical allodynia in a preclinical model of rheumatoid arthritis.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Article
- Risk of infection in patients with early inflammatory arthritis: results from a large UK prospective observational cohort study.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Observational
- Incidence and Risk Factors for Serious Infections in Patients with Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder: A Claims Database Study in Japan.Neurology and therapy · 2025Article
- Risk of Serious Infections in Patients Treated With Biologic or Targeted-synthetic Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Qatar.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Article
- Severe Respiratory Infections in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: An Observational Study of 528 Patients from a Single University Hospital.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immunomodulatory therapy for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) carries risk for infectious complications. Understanding the risks of different therapeutic options is essential for making treatment decisions and appropriately monitoring patients. This review examines data on the risks for serious infections and other key infections of interest for the major classes of agents in use for RA: glucocorticoids, conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), biologics and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors. Conventional synthetic DMARDs have an excellent safety profile with recent data available supporting the relative safety of methotrexate. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors are associated with an increase in the risk of serious infections. Risk with other biological agents and with JAK inhibitors varies somewhat but overall appears similar to that of TNF inhibitors, with JAK inhibitors also associated with a greater risk of herpes zoster. Glucocorticoids have a dose-dependent effect on serious infection risk-at higher doses risk of infection with glucocorticoids is substantially greater than with other immunomodulatory therapies, and even low-dose therapy carries a risk of infection that appears to be similar to that of biological therapies.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.