ArticleBMJ open2021
Municipal contraceptive services, socioeconomic status and teenage pregnancy in Finland: a longitudinal study.
Article in BMJ open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Human papillomavirus vaccinations' association to childbirth rates.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- The Use and Effectiveness of Different Emergency Contraception Methods Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in a Greek Clinic: A Cross-Sectional, Comparative, Observational Study.Clinics and practice · 2025Article
- Educational and occupational outcomes during early adulthood following surgically verified endometriosis at a young age-A register-based study.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2025Article
- Universal Pharmacare and Contraceptive Dispensations Among Youth.JAMA pediatrics · 2025Article
- The impact of abortion restrictions on American mental health.Science advances · 2024Article
- Teenage parents and their children-position paper of the European academy of paediatrics and the European confederation of primary care paediatricians.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesDeclining teenage pregnancy rates have been linked to improved access to youth-friendly contraceptive services, but information on the combined association of these services and socioeconomic factors with teenage pregnancy is lacking. DESIGN AND
settingThis retrospective longitudinal register-based study covers the annual teenage childbirth and induced abortion rates in the 100 largest municipalities in Finland in 2000-2018. We investigated the combined association of regional, socioeconomic (ie, education level and need for social assistance) and adolescent contraceptive service variables (ie, free-of-charge contraception, an adolescent-only clinic and availability of over-the-counter emergency contraception (OTC EC)) with teenage childbirth and induced abortion rates at the municipality level by using Poisson mixed-effects model. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES: Annual teenage childbirth and induced abortion rates as numbers per 1000 teenage girls aged 15-19 years old in the 100 largest municipalities in Finland from 2000 to 2018.
resultsThe following variables were significantly associated with both lower teenage childbirth and induced abortion rates when adjusted for all the other variables used in the model: providing free-of-charge contraception (rate ratio (RR) 0.82 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.92) and RR 0.87 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.96), respectively), availability of OTC EC without age limit (RR 0.70 (95% CI 0.67 to 0.75) and RR 0.74 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.78), respectively), and high education level of the municipality (RR 0.94 (95% CI 0.94 to 0.95) and RR 0.94 (95% CI 0.93 to 0.94), respectively).
conclusionProviding free-of-charge contraception and availability of OTC EC without age limit are associated with lower teenage pregnancy rates. These services combined with proper counselling are thus important contents of youth-friendly contraceptive services that should be provided equally for all teenagers in order to further reduce teenage pregnancy rates.
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