ArticleMicrobiome2021
Characterization of the human skin resistome and identification of two microbiota cutotypes.
Article in Microbiome, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 109 citations in OpenAlex.
- Application of Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing inFrontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Commensal Cutibacterium acnes-derived indolelactic acid safeguards skin barrier function through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Trial
- Gut microbiota remodeling and sensory-emotional functional disruption in adolescents with bipolar depression.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Trial
- Whole Genome Sequencing Reveals Antibiotic Resistance Heterogeneity and Metabolic Signatures of Cutibacterium acnes in Atopic Dermatitis.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Precise assessment of facial skin based on multimodal data fusion of the microbiome.Quantitative biology (Beijing, China) · 2026Article
- Sebum levels are associated with the relationship between skin properties and microbiota in Japanese women.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Skin metatranscriptomics reveals a landscape of variation in microbial activity and gene expression across the human body.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Multi-omics characterization of the skin microbiota reveals the anti-aging roles of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.Microbiome · 2026Article
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- Shotgun Metagenomic Characterization of Acne Microbiota Before and After Treatment with a Topical Biotechnological Phytocomplex: Understanding Skin Dysbiosis.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Unveiling the role of soil microorganisms in indicating paddy soil health via metagenomics combined with machine learning.ISME communications · 2026Article
- Spatiotemporal decoding of skin biology: development, aging, disease, and regeneration.Burns & trauma · 2026Article
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- A comprehensive reference catalog of human skin DNA virome reveals novel viral diversity and microenvironmental influences.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
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- Exploring the Biosynthetic Potential of Microorganisms from the South China Sea Cold Seep Using Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Approaches.Marine drugs · 2025Article
- Citywide metagenomic surveillance of food centres reveals local microbial signatures and antibiotic resistance gene enrichment.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2025Article
- Yanomami skin microbiome complexity challenges prevailing concepts of healthy skin.Nature communications · 2025Article
- A human skin microbiome reference catalog and the skin microbial landscape of plateau adults.iMetaOmics · 2025Article
- Identification and characterization of a novel major facilitator superfamily (MFS) efflux pump conferring multidrug resistance inAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe human skin microbiota is considered to be essential for skin homeostasis and barrier function. Comprehensive analyses of its function would substantially benefit from a catalog of reference genes derived from metagenomic sequencing. The existing catalog for the human skin microbiome is based on samples from limited individuals from a single cohort on reference genomes, which limits the coverage of global skin microbiome diversity.
resultsIn the present study, we have used shotgun metagenomics to newly sequence 822 skin samples from Han Chinese, which were subsequently combined with 538 previously sequenced North American samples to construct an integrated Human Skin Microbial Gene Catalog (iHSMGC). The iHSMGC comprised 10,930,638 genes with the detection of 4,879,024 new genes. Characterization of the human skin resistome based on iHSMGC confirmed that skin commensals, such as Staphylococcus spp, are an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Further analyses of skin microbial ARGs detected microbe-specific and skin site-specific ARG signatures. Of note, the abundance of ARGs was significantly higher in Chinese than Americans, while multidrug-resistant bacteria ("superbugs") existed on the skin of both Americans and Chinese. A detailed analysis of microbial signatures identified Moraxella osloensis as a species specific for Chinese skin. Importantly, Moraxella osloensis proved to be a signature species for one of two robust patterns of microbial networks present on Chinese skin, with Cutibacterium acnes indicating the second one. Each of such "cutotypes" was associated with distinct patterns of data-driven marker genes, functional modules, and host skin properties. The two cutotypes markedly differed in functional modules related to their metabolic characteristics, indicating that host-dependent trophic chains might underlie their development.
conclusionsThe development of the iHSMGC will facilitate further studies on the human skin microbiome. In the present study, it was used to further characterize the human skin resistome. It also allowed to discover the existence of two cutotypes on the human skin. The latter finding will contribute to a better understanding of the interpersonal complexity of the skin microbiome. Video abstract.
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