ReviewInternational urogynecology journal2021
Ultrasound imaging of maternal birth trauma.
Review in International urogynecology journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05879575 (Effects and Pathophysiology of Weight Training on Pregnancy-related Pelvic Girdle Pain), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects and Pathophysiology of Weight Training on Pregnancy-related Pelvic Girdle Pain (PPGP)
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Visual Biofeedback (VB) through Trans-Perineal Ultrasound (TPU) during the active second stage of labor to improve maternal childbirth satisfaction: protocol of a randomized controlled trial.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2026Trial
- Effect of postpartum pessary use on pelvic floor function: a prospective multicenter study.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2025Trial
- Levator Ani Muscle Avulsion After Vaginal Delivery Comparing Routine Versus Restrictive Episiotomy: A Pilot Study.International urogynecology journal · 2024Trial
- Effect of an Intrapartum Pelvic Dilator Device on Levator Ani Muscle Avulsion During Primiparous Vaginal Delivery: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.International urogynecology journal · 2024Trial
- Episiotomy in vacuum extraction, do we cut the levator ani muscle? A prospective cohort study.International urogynecology journal · 2022Trial
- Levator hiatus area from 21 weeks' gestation to 8 years after first delivery according to vaginal parity: prospective cohort study with an 8-year recall extension.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2026Article
- Image-Quality Assessment of the Levator Ani Immediately After Delivery.International urogynecology journal · 2026Article
- Association Between Mode of Delivery and Levator Ani Muscle Abnormalities on 4D Transperineal Ultrasound at 6 Weeks Postpartum.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Influence of induction of labor on morphological alterations in the pelvic floor after vaginal delivery determined by 4D transperineal ultrasound.BMC medical imaging · 2025Article
- Urogenital Hiatus Closure: Facts, Fallacies, and Why a Unified Theory of Hiatal Failure is Needed.International urogynecology journal · 2025Article
- Key Performance Indicators Applied in Medicine.International archives of otorhinolaryngology · 2025Article
- 4D transperineal ultrasound: feedback for good obstetric anal sphincter injuries reparation.Journal of ultrasound · 2024Article
- Pelvic floor status in opera singers. a pilot study using transperineal ultrasound.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- Quality assessment of transperineal ultrasound in Chinese tertiary medical centers: a multicenter study.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2023Article
- Evaluating compliance and applicability of postpartum pessary use for preventing and treating pelvic floor dysfunction: a prospective multicenter study.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2023Article
- Comparison of diagnostic criteria for significant anal sphincter defects between endoanal and transperineal ultrasound.Ultrasound in obstetrics & gynecology : the official journal of the International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology · 2022Article
- 3D Ultrasound in Pelvic Floor: Is It Useful as a Prognostic Tool in Type of Labor Development and Subsequent Pelvic Floor Diseases?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Observational
- Associations of Maternal Complaints to Levator Ani Muscle Trauma within 9 Months after Vaginal Birth: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study.Journal of pregnancy · 2022Observational
- Maternal birth trauma and its consequences: time to raise awareness.International urogynecology journal · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introduction and hypothesisThe term 'maternal birth trauma' has undergone substantial changes in meaning over the last 2 decades. Leaving aside psychological morbidity, somatic trauma is now understood to encompass not just episiotomy, perineal tears and obstetric anal sphincter injuries (OASI), but also trauma to the levator ani muscle. This review covers diagnosis of maternal birth trauma by translabial ultrasound imaging.
methodsNarrative review.
resultsTomographic imaging of pelvic structures with the help of 4D ultrasound, used since 2007, has allowed international standardization and seems to be highly reproducible and valid for the diagnosis of OASI and levator avulsion.
conclusionsTranslabial and exo-anal ultrasound allows the assessment of maternal birth trauma in routine clinical practice and the utilization of avulsion and sphincter trauma as key performance indicators of maternity services. It is hoped that this will lead to a greater awareness of maternal birth trauma among maternity caregivers and improved outcomes for patients, both in the short term and in the decades to come.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.