Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33594935›Full record

ArticleDrug delivery2021

Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of a ketorolac-loaded ocular coil in New Zealand white rabbits.

Christian J F Bertens, Marlies Gijs, Aylvin A J Dias, Frank J H M van den Biggelaar, Arkasubhra Ghosh, Swaminathan Sethu, Rudy M M A Nuijts

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug delivery, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
1.5field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Christian J F BertensChemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Maastricht, The Netherlands.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5710-3703
Marlies GijsChemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Aylvin A J DiasChemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Frank J H M van den BiggelaarChemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Arkasubhra GhoshGROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India.
Swaminathan SethuGROW Research Laboratory, Narayana Nethralaya Foundation, Bangalore, India.
Rudy M M A NuijtsChemelot Institute for Science and Technology (InSciTe), Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Maastricht University · NLNarayana Nethralaya · IN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Eye drops are considered standard practice for the delivery of ocular drugs. However, low patient compliance and low drug levels compromise its effectiveness. Our group developed a ketorolac-loaded ocular coil for sustained drug delivery up to 28 days. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of the ocular coil. The pharmacokinetics of the ketorolac-loaded ocular coil versus eye drops were tested in New Zealand White rabbits by repetitive sampling for 28 days. Efficacy of the ocular coil was also tested in New Zealand White rabbits. Ocular inflammation was induced where after the ocular coil was inserted, or eye drops, or no treatment was provided. The total protein concentration and cytokine levels were measured in tears, aqueous humor, and plasma at 4 h, 8 h, 24 h, 4 d, 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, and 28 d. Four h after inserting the ocular coil in the eye, ketorolac levels in aqueous humor and plasma were higher in the ocular coil group than in the eye drop group. Ketorolac released from the ocular coil could be detected up to 28 d in tears, up to 4 d in aqueous humor and up to 24 h in plasma. After inducing inflammation, both the ocular coil and eye drops were able to suppress prostaglandin E

Indexed as

AnimalsAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalAqueous HumorDrug Delivery SystemsEyeFemaleInflammationKetorolacMaleOphthalmic SolutionsRabbitsAnti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-SteroidalKetorolacOphthalmic Solutionsanti-inflammationKetorolac tromethamineocular coilocular drug delivery devicepharmacokineticssustained drug delivery

Identifiers

PMID33594935
PMCPMC7894442
OpenAlexW3131297729

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.