SynthesisClinical child and family psychology review2021
Risk and Resilience Factors for Mental Health among Transgender and Gender Nonconforming (TGNC) Youth: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Clinical child and family psychology review, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 156 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mental Health of Homicidally Bereaved Individuals: A Systematic Review of Post-Homicide Factors.Omega · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence, severity and risk factors for mental disorders among sexual and gender minority young people: a systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Prevalence, severity and risk factors of psychiatric disorders amongst sexual and gender diverse young people during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review.Clinical child psychology and psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Delivering transgender-specific knowledge and skills into health and allied health studies and training: a systematic review.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- Gender Felt Pressure, Affective Domains, and Mental Health Outcomes among Transgender and Gender Diverse (TGD) Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review with Developmental and Clinical Implications.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Treatment of Youth with Trauma and Gender Incongruence: A Call for Clinical Integration.Community mental health journal · 2026Article
- Disparities in suicide risk trajectories among youth during the COVID-19 pandemic.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2026Article
- Differences in Clinical Profiles of Transgender and Gender Diverse Adolescents Compared to Cis-gender Adolescents Attending a Tertiary Mental Health Clinic.Child psychiatry and human development · 2026Article
- PrEP Intentions, Heavy Substance Use, and Gender Affirmation among Black and Latine Transgender and Gender-Expansive Youth: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Gender Differences in Psychological Strengths Among Rural Adolescents.Journal of child and adolescent psychiatric nursing : official publication of the Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nurses, Inc · 2026Article
- Structural Cissexism, Mental Health, and Unmet Health Care Needs Among Gender-Diverse Adolescents in the United States.American journal of public health · 2026Article
- To find oneself in existential motion through unfamiliar terrain: A phenomenological Reflective Lifeworld Research study of becoming a parent to a child expressing a transgender or gender diverse identity in Sweden.International journal of transgender health · 2026Article
- Existential dimensions of the lived experiences of transgender youths 13-16 years in a cisnormative Swedish context.International journal of transgender health · 2026Article
- Early Life Stress Effects on Children's Biology, Behavior, and Health: Evidence, Mediators, Moderators, and Solutions.Annual review of psychology · 2026Review
- Rapid review of gender-affirming healthcare for children and adolescents: Evidence synthesis (2021-2025) and recommendations for South Africa.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2026Review
- Association between bullying, state-level policy and mental health symptoms in gender diverse youth.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Rapid Review of Gender-Affirming Healthcare for Children and Adolescents: Evidence Synthesis (2021-2025) and Recommendations for South Africa.Research square · 2025Article
- The Role of Resilience and Support From Others in the Association Between Family Support and Internalizing Symptoms in Spanish-Speaking Trans and Nonbinary Youth.JAACAP open · 2025Article
- Mental Health Care Utilization, Unmet Care Needs, and Barriers to Receiving Care in Adolescence Among Transgender and Nonbinary Young Adults.Transgender health · 2025Article
- Mental health among sexually and gender diverse adolescents in Indonesia and Vietnam: Results from the National Adolescent Mental Health Surveys.Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health · 2025Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a proliferation of research regarding transgender and gender nonconforming (TGNC) people. The stigma and legal discriminations that this population faces have obvious and documented repercussions for mental health. In 2015, the American Psychological Association (APA) published Guidelines for Psychological Practice with TGNC People. The APA noted that due to the nuances of working with TGNC youth and the dearth of related literature, the guidelines focus primarily on TGNC adults. To date, there has not been a systematic review of risk and resilience factors for mental health among TGNC children, adolescents, and young adults under the age of 25. Forty-four peer-reviewed articles met inclusion criteria for this systematic review, and were evaluated for their methodological rigor and their findings. Common risk factors for negative mental health variables included physical and verbal abuse, exposure to discrimination, social isolation, poor peer relations, low self-esteem, weight dissatisfaction, and age. Across studies, older children and adolescents tended to report higher rates of psychological distress. Resilience-promoting factors for mental health were also documented, including parent connectedness, social support, school safety and belonging, and the ability to use one's chosen name. By synthesizing the existing literature using a resilience-focused and minority stress framework, the present review provides clinicians and researchers with a coherent evidence-base to better equip them to promote psychological adaptation and wellbeing among TGNC youth.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.