ReviewCurrent atherosclerosis reports2021
Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), Diet and Cardiovascular Disease.
Review in Current atherosclerosis reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 118 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
118 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Impacts of intestinal microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide on cardiovascular disease: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Plant-Based Diets on Anthropometric and Cardiometabolic Markers in Adults: An Umbrella Review.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Effect of TMAO on the incidence and prognosis of cerebral infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Pooled it
- Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) as a prognostic marker among patients at nutritional risk. A secondary analysis of the randomized clinical trial EFFORT.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Trial
- The Effects of Eggs in a Plant-Based Diet on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Metabolic Syndrome.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Eggs Improve Plasma Biomarkers in Patients with Metabolic Syndrome Following a Plant-Based Diet-A Randomized Crossover Study.Nutrients · 2022Trial
- Breastfeeding type is associated with urinary metabolic changes in early life: influence of sex and early weight gain in healthy term infants.Molecular and cellular pediatrics · 2026Article
- Metabolic messengers from the gut to the joint: Toward precision management of osteoarthritis (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Elevated plasma TMAO levels associated with all-cause mortality in CAD patients in South China.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Observational
- From metabolic dysregulation to clinical alert: a novel panel of biomarkers for staging alcohol-associated liver disease.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Divergent mechanistic pathways of diarrheagenic bacterial infections at the host-microbiota interface: a review.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- Trimethylamine N-Oxide Aggravates Neuro-inflammation in Spinal Cord Injury Through NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Microglia.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Phenotypic high-throughput screening identifies modulators of gut microbial choline metabolism.mBio · 2026Article
- Based on the gut-heart axis: Polygonum capitatum improves atherosclerosis by modulating gut microbiota and TMAO, supporting MCPIP1/p53-associated endothelial protection.Chinese medicine · 2026Article
- Assessing the nutritional value and health risks of special low‑protein foods: narrative review.Orphanet journal of rare diseases · 2026Review
- Gut microbiota-derived trimethylamine N-oxide contributes to cardiomyocyte pyroptosis and cardiac injury via the tRF-Glu-ANT1-GSDMD axis.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Article
- Metagenomics and Machine Learning Identify TMA-ProducingNutrients · 2026Article
- The Role and Mechanism of Gut Microbiota and Metabolites in Vascular Calcification.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
58 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purpose of reviewThe association between plasma Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), diet and risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still not fully understood. While epidemiologic research shows a causal relationship between plasma TMAO concentrations and CVD risk, the role of dietary precursors in determining plasma concentrations of TMAO and biomarkers for CVD is inconclusive. RECENT
findingsStudies in diverse populations show that plasma TMAO concentrations are positively associated with inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, type-2 diabetes, central adiposity and hypertension. Most recent studies utilizing challenges of dietary choline have not shown increases in plasma chronic TMAO concentrations while studies with carnitine have shown increases in plasma TMAO but in some cases, no alterations in plasma lipids or biomarkers of oxidative stress were observed. TMAO is an important plasma metabolite that through several mechanisms can increase the risk of CVD. The correlations between dietary choline and carnitine on chronic plasma TMAO levels and risk for CVD requires further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.