Comparison of different groundwater vulnerability evaluation models of typical karst areas in north China: a case of Hebi City.

Yang Qiu, Chuanming Ma, Jing Qian, Xiaojing Wang

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Environmental science and pollution research international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Sources, Transformation, and Fate of Groundwater Nitrate Under Intensive Anthropogenic Pressures in the Lower Yellow River Basin: Insights From Hydrochemistry and Multi-Isotope Analysis.Water environment research : a research publication of the Water Environment Federation · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Yang QiuSchool of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.

Chuanming MaSchool of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China. machuanming@cug.edu.cn.

Jing QianSchool of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.

Xiaojing WangSchool of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.

Funding

Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan) No: CUGCJ1822

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Groundwater pollution is a serious problem in north China. However, the study on the vulnerability of karst groundwater is mainly in south China, and there are few studies in north China. To study the applicability of different models of karst areas in north China, this paper chose a special study area-Hebi City, where the exposed karst area is widely developed in the hilly area, but the covered karst area is in the eastern part of the study area. The DRASTIC model, the AHP-DRASTIC model, and the improved COPK model were adopted to evaluate the vulnerability of shallow karst groundwater in Hebi City. Cl

Indexed as

Environmental MonitoringGroundwaterChinaCitiesHuman ActivitiesHumansCOPK modelGroundwater pollutionGroundwater vulnerabilityHebi CityModel comparisonShallow karst groundwater

Identifiers

PMID33594569

DOI10.1007/s11356-021-12719-x

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.