ArticleCommunications biology2021
A high-throughput Galectin-9 imaging assay for quantifying nanoparticle uptake, endosomal escape and functional RNA delivery.
Article in Communications biology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 126 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Defining Composition-Cytokine Relationships Enables the Design of Lipid Nanoparticles with Programmed Immunogenicity.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Article
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- Intraluminal Gold Nanoparticle-Loaded Liposomes Enable High-Resolution Nanoscale Mapping of Intracellular Delivery Pathways.ACS applied nano materials · 2026Article
- Mechanisms and Strategies for Enhancing DNA Nuclear Entry in Gene Delivery.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2026Article
- Multiscale modeling guided potency assessment of mRNA-lipid nanoparticles.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Universal Antibody-Engineered Lipid Nanoparticles Potentiate Chemo-Immunotherapy Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Reprogramming Tumor Cell Metabolism.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Functional role of Galectin-9 in nucleic acid trafficking and transcription post-electrotransfection.NAR molecular medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- In vivo endosomal escape assay identifies mechanisms for efficient hepatic LNP delivery.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- Review
- From Uptake to Therapeutic Function in Engineered Exosome Delivery Systems.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- The Nanoparticle Delivery Gap in Immune Cell Engineering: From Uptake to Endosomal Escape.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Hybrid Extracellular Vesicles for Efficient Loading and Functional Delivery of mRNA.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- The strategies and advances of mRNA translation booster.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Effects of Serum Incubation on Lipid Nanoparticle PEG Shedding, mRNA Retention, and Membrane Interactions.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
RNA-based therapies have great potential to treat many undruggable human diseases. However, their efficacy, in particular for mRNA, remains hampered by poor cellular delivery and limited endosomal escape. Development and optimisation of delivery vectors, such as lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), are impeded by limited screening methods to probe the intracellular processing of LNPs in sufficient detail. We have developed a high-throughput imaging-based endosomal escape assay utilising a Galectin-9 reporter and fluorescently labelled mRNA to probe correlations between nanoparticle-mediated uptake, endosomal escape frequency, and mRNA translation. Furthermore, this assay has been integrated within a screening platform for optimisation of lipid nanoparticle formulations. We show that Galectin-9 recruitment is a robust, quantitative reporter of endosomal escape events induced by different mRNA delivery nanoparticles and small molecules. We identify nanoparticles with superior escape properties and demonstrate cell line variances in endosomal escape response, highlighting the need for fine-tuning of delivery formulations for specific applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.