ArticleScientific reports2021
Online and offline effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation of the primary motor cortex.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Does transcranial direct current stimulation enhance sensorimotor recovery in chronic ankle instability? A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2026Pooled it
- Effects of transcranial alternating current stimulation on motor performance and motor learning for healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Pooled it
- No aftereffects of high current density 10 Hz and 20 Hz tACS on sensorimotor alpha and beta oscillations.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Low intensity transcranial electric stimulation: Safety, ethical, legal regulatory and application guidelines (2017-2025: An update) - endorsed by the European Society for Brain Stimulation (ESBS) and by the International Federation for Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN).Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Review
- Behavioral techniques for controlling visual stimuli to modulate visual processing in the brain and their implementation in augmented reality technology.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Review
- Review
- Clinical feasibility of motor hotspot localization based on electroencephalography using convolutional neural networks in stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Neural mechanisms underlying the after-effects of repetitive paired-pulse TMS with Β tACS on the human primary motor cortex.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Corticospinal Excitability in Bilateral M1 Hand Areas: Association with Neuropathic Pain After Spinal Cord Injury.Journal of pain research · 2025Article
- The Modulatory Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on Brain Oscillatory Patterns in the Beta Band in Healthy Older Adults.Brain sciences · 2024Article
- Cerebellar Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation: A Frontier in Chronic Pain Therapy.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Review
- Exploring the correlation and causation between alpha oscillations and one-second time perception through EEG and tACS.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Exploring the Prospects of Transcranial Electrical Stimulation (tES) as a Therapeutic Intervention for Post-Stroke Motor Recovery: A Narrative Review.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Effects of online and offline trigeminal nerve stimulation on visuomotor learning.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
- Article
- Beta tACS of varying intensities differentially affect resting-state and movement-related M1-M1 connectivity.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Article
- Distinct effects of slow and fast theta tACS in enhancing temporal memory.Imaging neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Role of medial prefrontal cortex and primary somatosensory cortex in self and other-directed vicarious social touch: a TMS study.Social cognitive and affective neuroscience · 2023Article
- Effects of θ High Definition-Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex on the Dominance of Attention Focus in Standing Postural Control.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Alpha oscillatory activity is causally linked to working memory retention.PLoS biology · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation technique that allows interaction with endogenous cortical oscillatory rhythms by means of external sinusoidal potentials. The physiological mechanisms underlying tACS effects are still under debate. Whereas online (e.g., ongoing) tACS over the motor cortex induces robust state-, phase- and frequency-dependent effects on cortical excitability, the offline effects (i.e. after-effects) of tACS are less clear. Here, we explored online and offline effects of tACS in two single-blind, sham-controlled experiments. In both experiments we used neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the primary motor cortex (M1) as a probe to index changes of cortical excitability and delivered M1 tACS at 10 Hz (alpha), 20 Hz (beta) and sham (30 s of low-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation; tRNS). Corticospinal excitability was measured by single pulse TMS-induced motor evoked potentials (MEPs). tACS was delivered online in Experiment 1 and offline in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, the increase of MEPs size was maximal with the 20 Hz stimulation, however in Experiment 2 neither the 10 Hz nor the 20 Hz stimulation induced tACS offline effects. These findings support the idea that tACS affects cortical excitability only during online application, at least when delivered on the scalp overlying M1, thereby contributing to the development of effective protocols that can be applied to clinical populations.
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