ArticlemBio2021
Mutations in the Hemagglutinin Stalk Domain Do Not Permit Escape from a Protective, Stalk-Based Vaccine-Induced Immune Response in the Mouse Model.
Article in mBio, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- The first key for the Priority Pathogens: Protective immunogens in development of vaccines and medications.Biosafety and health · 2026Review
- Sialic acid-anchored haemagglutinin stalk neutralizing antibody M-SiaB enhances protection against highly pathogenic influenza H5N1/Texas/2024.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Hemagglutinin-displaying influenza nanovaccines: progress and promise.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2026Review
- Resistance Mutations to Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Destabilize Hemagglutinin and Attenuate H1N1 Influenza Virus.Viruses · 2025Article
- Characterization of two non-competing antibodies to influenza H3N2 hemagglutinin stem reveals its evolving antigenicity.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Inverted H1 hemagglutinin nanoparticle vaccines protect mice against challenges with human H1N1 and bovine H5N1 influenza viruses.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Naringenin as a phytogenic adjuvant systematically enhances the protective efficacy of H9N2 inactivated vaccine through coordinated innate-adaptive immune priming in chickens.Poultry science · 2025Article
- Structurally convergent antibodies derived from different vaccine strategies target the influenza virus HA anchor epitope with a subset of VNature communications · 2025Article
- How Broadly Neutralising Antibodies Are Redefining Immunity to Influenza.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Sequential immunization with chimeric hemagglutinin ΔNS1 attenuated influenza vaccines induces broad humoral and cellular immunity.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Article
- A pan-influenza monoclonal antibody neutralizes H5 strains and prophylactically protects through intranasal administration.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- A mosaic influenza virus-like particles vaccine provides broad humoral and cellular immune responses against influenza A viruses.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Nanovaccines Displaying the Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin in an Inverted Orientation Elicit an Enhanced Stalk-Directed Antibody Response.Advanced healthcare materials · 2023Article
- Epistasis reduces fitness costs of influenza A virus escape from stem-binding antibodies.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Universal antibody targeting the highly conserved fusion peptide provides cross-protection in mice.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- The 2009 Pandemic H1N1 Hemagglutinin Stalk Remained Antigenically Stable after Circulating in Humans for a Decade.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Identifying vaccine escape sites via statistical comparisons of short-term molecular dynamics.Biophysical reports · 2022Article
- Genome characterization and mutation analysis of human influenza A virus in Thailand.Genomics & informatics · 2022Article
- Novel Epitopes of the Influenza Virus N1 Neuraminidase Targeted by Human Monoclonal Antibodies.Journal of virology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Current seasonal influenza virus vaccines target regions of the hemagglutinin (HA) head domain that undergo constant antigenic change, forcing the painstaking annual reformulation of vaccines. The development of broadly protective or universal influenza virus vaccines that induce cross-reactive, protective immune responses could circumvent the need to reformulate current seasonal vaccines. Many of these vaccine candidates target the HA stalk domain, which displays epitopes conserved within and across influenza virus subtypes, including those with pandemic potential. While HA head-mediated antigenic drift is well understood, the potential for antigenic drift in the stalk domain is understudied. Using a panel of HA stalk-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), we applied selection pressure to the stalk domain of A/Netherlands/602/2009 (pdmH1N1) to determine fitness and phenotypes of escape mutant viruses (EMVs). We found that HA stalk MAbs with lower cross-reactivity caused single HA stalk escape mutations, whereas MAbs with broader cross-reactivity forced multiple mutations in the HA. Each escape mutant virus greatly decreased mAb neutralizing activity, but escape mutations did not always ablate MAb binding or Fc-Fc receptor-based effector functions. Escape mutant viruses were not attenuated
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.