ArticleMalaria journal2021
Parasite genetic diversity reflects continued residual malaria transmission in Vhembe District, a hotspot in the Limpopo Province of South Africa.
Article in Malaria journal, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection based on msp-1, msp-2, glurp and microsatellite genetic markers in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Malaria journal · 2024Pooled it
- Experiences of people diagnosed with malaria regarding signs and symptoms at a selected village in the Vhembe District, Limpopo province, South Africa.Curationis · 2026Article
- Malaria-MOI: A flexible and scalable tool for predicting multiplicity of infection in malaria parasites.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Genetic metrics decodeFrontiers in genetics · 2026Article
- Article
- Genetic diversity and population structure of Plasmodium falciparum across areas of varied malaria transmission intensities in Uganda.Malaria journal · 2025Article
- Temporal changes in Plasmodium falciparum genetic diversity and multiplicity of infection across three areas of varying malaria transmission intensities in Uganda.Tropical medicine and health · 2024Article
- Declining genetic polymorphism of the C-terminus Merozoite Surface Protein-1 amidst increased Plasmodium knowlesi transmission in Thailand.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Declining Genetic Polymorphisms of the C-terminus Merozoite Surface Protein-1 Amidst IncreasedbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Genomic malaria surveillance of antenatal care users detects reduced transmission following elimination interventions in Mozambique.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Genetic complexity alters drug susceptibility of asexual and gametocyte stages ofAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2024Article
- Genetic differentiation of Plasmodium vivax duffy binding protein in Ethiopia and comparison with other geographical isolates.Malaria journal · 2024Article
- Comparing newly developed SNP barcode panels with microsatellites to explore population genetics of malaria parasites in the Peruvian Amazon.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Genomic malaria surveillance of antenatal care users detects reduced transmission following elimination interventions in Mozambique.Research square · 2023Article
- Genetic diversity and molecular evolution of Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein and Merozoite Surface Protein-1 in northwestern Thailand.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Temporal and spatial analysis of Plasmodium falciparum genomics reveals patterns of parasite connectivity in a low-transmission district in Southern Province, Zambia.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Population structure and genetic connectivity ofFrontiers in epidemiology · 2023Article
- Malaria Vector Surveillance and Control in an Elimination Setting in South Africa.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Article
- Social acceptance of livestock-administered endectocides for malaria control in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa.Malaria journal · 2022Article
- Whole Genome Sequencing Contributions and Challenges in Disease Reduction Focused on Malaria.Biology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSouth Africa aims to eliminate malaria transmission by 2023. However, despite sustained vector control efforts and case management interventions, the Vhembe District remains a malaria transmission hotspot. To better understand Plasmodium falciparum transmission dynamics in the area, this study characterized the genetic diversity of parasites circulating within the Vhembe District.
methodsA total of 1153 falciparum-positive rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) were randomly collected from seven clinics within the district, over three consecutive years (2016, 2017 and 2018) during the wet and dry malaria transmission seasons. Using 26 neutral microsatellite markers, differences in genetic diversity were described using a multiparameter scale of multiplicity of infection (MOI), inbreeding metric (Fws), number of unique alleles (A), expected heterozygosity (He), multilocus linkage disequilibrium (LD) and genetic differentiation, and were associated with temporal and geospatial variances.
resultsA total of 747 (65%) samples were successfully genotyped. Moderate to high genetic diversity (mean He = 0.74 ± 0.03) was observed in the parasite population. This was ascribed to high allelic richness (mean A = 12.2 ± 1.2). The majority of samples (99%) had unique multi-locus genotypes, indicating high genetic diversity in the sample set. Complex infections were observed in 66% of samples (mean MOI = 2.13 ± 0.04), with 33% of infections showing high within-host diversity as described by the Fws metric. Low, but significant LD (standardised index of association, ISA = 0.08, P < 0.001) was observed that indicates recombination of distinct clones. Limited impact of temporal (F
conclusionsConsistent with the Vhembe District's classification as a 'high' transmission setting within South Africa, P. falciparum diversity in the area was moderate to high and complex. This study showed that genetic diversity within the parasite population reflects the continued residual transmission observed in the Vhembe District. This data can be used as a reference point for the assessment of the effectiveness of on-going interventions over time, the identification of imported cases and/or outbreaks, as well as monitoring for the potential spread of anti-malarial drug resistance.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.