ArticleJournal of the Royal Society, Interface2021
Dimensional analysis of spring-wing systems reveals performance metrics for resonant flapping-wing flight.
Article in Journal of the Royal Society, Interface, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed.
- Optimization of Ornithopter Energy Efficiency Through Spring-Induced Harmonic Motion.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Design and Flight Experiment of a Motor-Directly-Driven Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicle with Extension Springs.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Wing hinge dynamics influence stroke amplitudes in flapping wing insects: a frequency response approach.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Passive mechanisms in flying insects and applications in bio-inspired flapping-wing micro air vehicles.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Review
- Causal models of rate-independent damping in insect exoskeleta.The Journal of experimental biology · 2025Article
- Efficiency and control trade-offs and work loop characteristics of flapping-wing systems with synchronous and asynchronous muscles.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2025Article
- Moth resonant mechanics are tuned to wingbeat frequency and energetic demands.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Harvesting pollen with vibrations: towards an integrative understanding of the proximate and ultimate reasons for buzz pollination.Annals of botany · 2024Review
- The self-oscillation paradox in the flight motor ofJournal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Article
- Phase shift between joint rotation and actuation reflects dominant forces and predicts muscle activation patterns.PNAS nexus · 2023Article
- Article
- Structural damping renders the hawkmoth exoskeleton mechanically insensitive to non-sinusoidal deformations.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Article
- Experimental studies suggest differences in the distribution of thorax elasticity between insects with synchronous and asynchronous musculature.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2023Article
- Platform Design and Preliminary Test Result of an Insect-like Flapping MAV with Direct Motor-Driven Resonant Wings Utilizing Extension Springs.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Modeling and Analysis of a Simple Flexible Wing-Thorax System in Flapping-Wing Insects.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Flies trade off stability and performance via adaptive compensation to wing damage.Science advances · 2022Article
- Soft Molds with Micro-Machined Internal Skeletons Improve Robustness of Flapping-Wing Robots.Micromachines · 2022Article
- The hawkmoth wingbeat is not at resonance.Biology letters · 2022Article
- Distinct forms of resonant optimality within insect indirect flight motors.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Flapping-wing insects, birds and robots are thought to offset the high power cost of oscillatory wing motion by using elastic elements for energy storage and return. Insects possess highly resilient elastic regions in their flight anatomy that may enable high dynamic efficiency. However, recent experiments highlight losses due to damping in the insect thorax that could reduce the benefit of those elastic elements. We performed experiments on, and simulations of, a dynamically scaled robophysical flapping model with an elastic element and biologically relevant structural damping to elucidate the roles of body mechanics, aerodynamics and actuation in spring-wing energetics. We measured oscillatory flapping-wing dynamics and energetics subject to a range of actuation parameters, system inertia and spring elasticity. To generalize these results, we derive the non-dimensional spring-wing equation of motion and present variables that describe the resonance properties of flapping systems:
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