Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33592433›Full record

ArticleJournal of affective disorders2021

Associations between feelings/behaviors during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown and depression/anxiety after lockdown in a sample of Chinese children and adolescents.

Yan Liu, Song Yue, Xiaoran Hu, Jin Zhu, Zifan Wu, JianLi Wang, Yili Wu

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
18.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. The COVID-19 pandemic and adolescents' and young adults' experiences at school: A systematic narrative review.Journal of research on adolescence : the official journal of the Society for Research on Adolescence · 2025
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  10. Documentary Analysis ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024
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  14. School Nurses' Perceptions About Student's Wellbeing During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Sweden.The Journal of school nursing : the official publication of the National Association of School Nurses · 2024
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Yan LiuShandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272013, China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment & Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272013, China; Center of Evidence-based Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272013, China.
Song YueShandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272013, China; Department of Pathology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
Xiaoran HuCollege of Liberal Arts, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, MN 55455, USA.
Jin ZhuShandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272013, China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment & Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272013, China; Center of Evidence-based Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272013, China.
Zifan WuShandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272013, China.
JianLi WangShandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272013, China; The Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1Z 7K4, Canada; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa K1Z 7K4, Canada.
Yili WuShandong Key Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272013, China; Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment & Behavioral Interventions of Mental Disorders, Institute of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining 272013, China; Center of Evidence-based Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272013, China. Electronic address: yili_wu2004@yahoo.ca.
Jining Medical University · CNUniversity of Minnesota · USUniversity of Ottawa · CAWeifang Medical University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChildren and adolescents may be more susceptible to mental disorders due to COVID-19 pandemic than adults. This study aimed to identify correlated factors for depression/anxiety among children and adolescents after COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.

methodsAn online survey by cluster sampling was conducted after lockdown in 5175 Chinese children and adolescents with informed consents from their parents. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scales with 10-point cutoff were used to measure depression and anxiety, separately. Stepwise logistic regression was conducted. Stata 15.1 Version was used.

results12.33% and 6.26% of all participants reported depression and anxiety after lockdown, separately. Suicidal ideation, quarreling with parents, insomnia, difficulty in concentrating during online learning, and anxious and depressed mood during lockdown were positively associated with depression and anxiety after lockdown. Missing teachers was negatively associated with both depression and anxiety. Living in urban and not living with parents were positively associated with depression. LIMITATIONS: The past history and familial history of mental disorders have not been collected. The recall biases for collecting self-reporting information might exist, and the causal inferences cannot be drawn.

conclusionsThe prevalence of depression and anxiety in children and adolescents might decline a bit after lockdown but is still at a high level after lockdown. Gatekeepers should pay more attention to modifiable factors of psychological well-being in children and adolescents, including family and school contexts and even feelings and behaviors during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown.

Indexed as

COVID-19PandemicsAdolescentAdultAnxietyChildChinaCommunicable Disease ControlDepressionHumansSARS-CoV-2AnxietyChildren and adolescentsCOVID-19 lockdownDepression

Identifiers

PMID33592433
PMCPMC8771471
OpenAlexW3129186844

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.