Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33592253›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of infection2021

Panbio™ rapid antigen test for SARS-CoV-2 has acceptable accuracy in symptomatic patients in primary health care.

Oana Bulilete, Patricia Lorente, Alfonso Leiva, Eugenia Carandell, Antonio Oliver, Estrella Rojo, Pau Pericas, Joan Llobera, COVID-19 Primary Care Research Group

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of infection, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
39citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

39 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 63 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Rapid, point-of-care antigen tests for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. The Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines on the Diagnosis of COVID-19: Antigen Testing (January 2023).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024
    Guideline
  3. Rapid, point-of-care antigen tests for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2022
    Pooled it
  4. Pooled it
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  8. Article
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  14. Lateral Flow Immunoassays for SARS-CoV-2.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022
    Review
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  16. Observational
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  19. Different performance of three point-of-care SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection devices in symptomatic patients and close asymptomatic contacts: a real-life study.Clinical microbiology and infection : the official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases · 2022
    Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Oana BuliletePrimary Health Care Research Unit, Balearic Public Health Service (Ib-Salut), Escola Graduada n9, 07002 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain. Electronic address: oana.bulilete@ssib.es.
Patricia LorentePrimary Health Care Research Unit, Balearic Public Health Service (Ib-Salut), Escola Graduada n9, 07002 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; Santa Ponça Primary Health Care Center, Balearic Public Health Service (Ib-Salut), Carrer del Riu Síl, 25, 07180 Santa Ponça, Illes Balears, Spain. Electronic address: plorente@ibsalut.es.
Alfonso LeivaPrimary Health Care Research Unit, Balearic Public Health Service (Ib-Salut), Escola Graduada n9, 07002 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain. Electronic address: aleiva@ibsalut.caib.es.
Eugenia CarandellBalearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; Directorate of General Health Service, Balearic Public Health Service (Ib-Salut), Reina Esclaramunda n9, 07005 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain. Electronic address: eugenia.carandell@ibsalut.es.
Antonio OliverBalearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; Microbiology Service, Son Espases University Hospital, Balearic Public Health Service (Ib-Salut), Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain. Electronic address: antonio.oliver@ssib.es.
Estrella RojoBalearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; Microbiology Service, Son Espases University Hospital, Balearic Public Health Service (Ib-Salut), Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain. Electronic address: estrella.rojo@ssib.es.
Pau PericasPrimary Health Care Research Unit, Balearic Public Health Service (Ib-Salut), Escola Graduada n9, 07002 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain. Electronic address: ppericas@ibsalut.caib.es.
Joan LloberaPrimary Health Care Research Unit, Balearic Public Health Service (Ib-Salut), Escola Graduada n9, 07002 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain; Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Carretera de Valldemossa, 79, 07120 Palma, Illes Balears, Spain. Electronic address: jllobera@ibsalut.caib.es.
COVID-19 Primary Care Research Group
Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands · ESServei de Salut de les Illes Balears · ES

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the Panbio™ Ag-RDT at primary health care (PHC) centers and test sites in symptomatic patients and close contacts, using the Reverse-Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test as the gold standard.

methodsThe study was conducted in four PHC centers and two test sites in Mallorca, Spain. Consecutive patients older than 18 years, attending the sites for RT-PCR testing were included. Two nasopharyngeal samples were collected, one for RT-PCR and the other was processed on-site using the Panbio™ rapid antigen test kit for SARS-CoV-2. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated using RT-PCR as the reference, and the predictive values using the pretest probability results for each analyzed group.

findingsA total of 1369 participants were included; mean age 42.5 ± 14.9 years and 54.3% women. The overall prevalence was 10.2%. Most participants (70.6%) presented within 5 days of the onset of symptoms. The overall sensitivity was of 71.4% (95% CI: 63.1%, 78.7%), the specificity of 99.8% (95% CI: 99.4%, 99.9%), the positive predictive value of 98.0% (95% CI: 93.0%, 99.7%) and a negative predictive value of 96.8% (95% CI: 95.7%, 97.7%). The sensitivity was higher in symptomatic patients, in those arriving within 5 days since symptom onset and in those with high viral load.

interpretationAg-RDT had relatively good performance characteristics in suspected symptomatic patients within five days since the onset of symptoms. However, our data do not support the sole use of Panbio™ Ag-RDT in asymptomatic individuals.

fundingNone.

Indexed as

COVID-19SARS-CoV-2AdultFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrimary Health CareSensitivity and SpecificitySpainCOVID-19Primary careRapid antigen testSar-CoV-2

Identifiers

PMID33592253
PMCPMC7881288
OpenAlexW3130420925

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.