Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33591276›Full record

ArticleJournal of medical Internet research2021

Efficacy of Smart Speaker-Based Metamemory Training in Older Adults: Case-Control Cohort Study.

Jeongsim Kim, EunJi Shin, KyungHwa Han, Soowon Park, Jung Hae Youn, Guixiang Jin, Jun-Young Lee

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of medical Internet research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Cognitive Reablement Using Digital Voice Assistants for People Living With Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Co-Design Study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Jeongsim Kim *Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine and SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0001-9144-9740
EunJi Shin *Department of Clinical Counseling Psychology, Cha University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-5153-1624
KyungHwa HanDepartment of Clinical Counseling Psychology, Cha University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-1436-4329
Soowon ParkDivision of Teacher Education, College of Liberal Arts and Interdisciplinary Studies, Kyonggi University, Suwon, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-3348-940X
Jung Hae YounDepartment of Clinical Counseling Psychology, Cha University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-4886-5279
Guixiang JinSocial Value Innovation Center, SK Telecom, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-0824-5163
Jun-Young LeeDepartment of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine and SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID 0000-0002-5893-3124

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMetamemory training (MMT) is a useful training strategy for improving cognitive functioning in the older adult population. Despite the advantages, there are limitations imposed by location and time constraints.

objectiveThis study aimed to develop a smart speaker-based MMT program and evaluate the efficacy of the program in older adults without cognitive impairment.

methodsThis study used a case-control cohort design. The smart speaker-based MMT program comprised 3 training sessions per day, 5 days a week, for 8 weeks. Each training session took approximately 15 minutes. This program was implemented using smart speakers, not human trainers. All participants completed the Mini-Mental State Examination, Subjective Memory Complaints Questionnaire, Verbal Learning Test, Digit Span Test, fluency tests, and a short-form version of the Geriatric Depression Scale before and after training.

resultsA total of 60 subjects (29 in the MMT group and 31 in the control group) participated in the study. The training group showed significant increases in the delayed free recall, digit span forward, digit span backward, and fluency test scores compared with the control group.

conclusionsThis study confirmed the efficacy of smart speaker-based MMT in older adults. Home-based smart speaker-based MMT is not limited with respect to location or constrained by space and may help older adults with subjective cognitive decline without requiring intervention by human professionals.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceCase-Control StudiesCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMetacognitionMiddle AgedTeachingcognitive declinecognitive trainingsmart speaker

Identifiers

PMID33591276
PMCPMC7925152

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.